iButton and Tinytag snow temperature measurements at Teller 27 and Kougarok 64, Seward Peninsula, Alaska, 2021-2022

Snow temperature measurements were collected at the NGEE Arctic Teller Road Site at mile marker 27 (TL_MM27) and at the Kougarok Road Site at mile marker 64 (KG_MM64) on the Seward Peninsula. Data were collected from October 1, 2021 to August 16, 2022 using iButton Link DS1926-F5# Thermochron miniature temperature sensors (https://www.ibuttonlink.com/products/ds1921g) and Tinytag TGP-4017 internal sensors (https://www.micronmeters.com/product/tgp-4017-internal-sensor-40-to-85-c-40-f-to-185-f) deployed across the Kougarok and Teller sites. These sensors are a cost-efficient way to collect snowpack temperatures at a higher spatial resolution than what is normally achieved. iButton data were collected every 4 hours beginning on October 1, 2021. Tinytag data collection began between October 9 and October 12, 2021 depending on sensor installation date. Tinytag data were collected every 30 minutes. In total, data were collected from 236 iButtons and 30 Tinytags. This dataset contains four *.csv files of near-ground surface temperatures at various locations throughout each study site and four *.shp files of sensor locations. Data were collected throughout the snow cover season so that snowpack characteristics could be derived using the temperature data. Sensors were placed both inside and outside of vegetation to better capture the spatial variability of snow properties across each domain. The Next-Generation Ecosystem Experiments: Arctic (NGEE Arctic), a research effort to reduce uncertainty in Earth System Models by developing a predictive understanding of carbon-rich Arctic ecosystems and feedbacks to climate. NGEE Arctic was supported by the Department of Energy's Office of Biological and Environmental Research. The NGEE Arctic project had two field research sites: 1) located within the Arctic polygonal tundra coastal region on the Barrow Environmental Observatory (BEO) and the North Slope near Utqiagvik (Barrow), Alaska and 2) multiple areas on the discontinuous permafrost region of the Seward Peninsula north of Nome, Alaska. Through observations, experiments, and synthesis with existing datasets, NGEE Arctic provided an enhanced knowledge base for multi-scale modeling and contributed to improved process representation at global pan-Arctic scales within the Department of Energy's Earth system Model (the Energy Exascale Earth System Model, or E3SM), and specifically within the E3SM Land Model component (ELM).

本数据集采集自苏厄德半岛上的下一代北极生态系统实验（Next-Generation Ecosystem Experiments: Arctic, NGEE Arctic）特勒路站点（TL_MM27，里程标记27处）与科加罗克路站点（KG_MM64，里程标记64处）。观测时段为2021年10月1日至2022年8月16日，采用部署于上述两个站点的iButton Link DS1926-F5# Thermochron微型温度传感器（https://www.ibuttonlink.com/products/ds1921g）及Tinytag TGP-4017内置式传感器（https://www.micronmeters.com/product/tgp-4017-internal-sensor-40-to-85-c-40-f-to-185-f）完成数据采集。相较于常规观测手段，此类传感器可在实现更高空间分辨率的同时，以更具成本效益的方式获取积雪温度数据。iButton传感器的观测数据自2021年10月1日起每4小时采集一次；Tinytag传感器的启动采集时间依安装时序而定，介于2021年10月9日至12日之间，其数据采集间隔为30分钟。本次研究共部署236台iButton传感器与30台Tinytag传感器，累计获取上述观测数据。本数据集包含4个*.csv格式文件，记录了各研究站点不同点位的近地表温度数据；另有4个*.shp格式文件，存储了传感器布设点位的空间信息。观测覆盖整个积雪期，以便通过温度数据反演积雪特性参数。传感器分别布设于植被内部与外部，以更好地捕捉各研究区域内积雪特性的空间异质性。下一代北极生态系统实验（NGEE Arctic）旨在通过深化对富碳北极生态系统的预测性认知及其与气候的反馈机制，降低地球系统模型中的不确定性。该项目由美国能源部生物与环境研究办公室资助。NGEE Arctic项目设有两处野外研究站点：1）位于阿拉斯加州乌特恰维克（原巴罗）附近北坡的巴罗环境观测站（Barrow Environmental Observatory, BEO）内的北极多边形苔原海岸区域；2）阿拉斯加州诺姆以北苏厄德半岛的不连续永久冻土区的多个区域。通过观测、实验以及与现有数据集的综合分析，NGEE Arctic为多尺度建模提供了更为完善的知识库，并助力美国能源部地球系统模型——能源极端尺度地球系统模型（Energy Exascale Earth System Model, E3SM），尤其是其陆面模型模块（E3SM Land Model, ELM）——在全球泛北极尺度上优化了过程表征能力。