A high-quality genome compendium of the human gut microbiome of Inner Mongolians. human gut metagenome

Metagenome-based resources have revealed the diversity and function of the human gut microbiome, but further understanding is limited by insufficient genome quality and a lack of samples from typically understudied populations. Here, we used hybrid long-read PromethION and short-read HiSeq sequencing to characterise the fecal microbiota of 60 individuals from Inner Mongolia (n=180 samples over three time points). We present Inner Mongolian Gut Genome (IMGG) catalog comprising a catalog of 802 closed and 5,927 high-quality metagenome-assembled genomes. The IMGG substantially increased resolution of genomic elements including ribosomal RNA operons (rrns), metabolic gene clusters (MGCs), prophages, and insertion sequences (IS). In particular, we report the rrn copy number for uncultured species and over 12,000 previously undescribed gut prophages and their protein-coding genes, and discloses the distribution and potential impact of IS elements across gut bacteria. Overall, these data provide a high-quality, large-scale resource for studying the human gut microbiota.