O enigma da política industrial no Brasil

ABSTRACTThe puzzle of the industrial policy in Brazil. Over the last 10 years, the Brazilian government has launched several industrial plans to promote innovation and strengthen the competitiveness of the domestic industry. However, the results have been poor due to the distortions created by some instruments inherited from the import substitution age, such as high tariffs on intermediate goods and machinery, local content rules and antidumping protection. This paper highlights the role played by those instruments using two examples: antidumping investigations and a peculiar local content rule that exists only in Brazil, the so-called Basic Productive Process (PPB).摘要：巴西产业政策的困局。过去十年来，巴西政府先后推出多项产业计划，旨在推动创新、强化本土产业的竞争力。然而，由于继承自进口替代时代的部分政策工具所引发的市场扭曲，最终成效不佳；这些工具包括中间品与机械的高关税、本地含量规则（local content rule），以及反倾销保护措施。本文通过两个案例阐释了上述政策工具所发挥的作用：其一为反倾销调查（antidumping investigations），其二为仅在巴西存在的特殊本地含量规则，即所谓的基本生产流程（Basic Productive Process，简称PPB）。