Suppl.Data1_16S.sequence.fasta from Consortia of anti-nematode fungi and bacteria in the rhizosphere of soybean plants attacked by root-knot nematodes

Cyst and root-knot nematodes are major risk factors of agroecosystem management, often causing devastating impacts on crop production. The use of microbes that parasitize or prey on nematodes has been considered as a promising approach for suppressing phytopathogenic nematode populations. However, effects and persistence of those biological control agents often vary substantially depending on regions, soil characteristics and agricultural practices: more insights into microbial community processes are required to develop reproducible control of nematode populations. By performing high-throughput sequencing profiling of bacteria and fungi, we examined how root and soil microbiomes differ between benign and nematode-infected plant individuals in a soybean field in Japan. Results indicated that various taxonomic groups of bacteria and fungi occurred preferentially on the soybean individuals infected by root-knot nematodes or those uninfected by nematodes. Based on a network analysis of potential microbe–microbe associations, we further found that several fungal taxa potentially preying on nematodes (<i>Dactylellina</i> (Orbiliales), <i>Rhizophydium</i> (Rhizophydiales), <i>Clonostachys</i> (Hypocreales), <i>Pochonia</i> (Hypocreales) and <i>Purpureocillium</i> (Hypocreales)) co-occurred in the soybean rhizosphere at a small spatial scale. This study suggests how ‘consortia’ of anti-nematode microbes can derive from indigenous (resident) microbiomes, providing basic information for managing anti-nematode microbial communities in agroecosystems.

胞囊线虫与根结线虫是农业生态系统管理中的核心风险因子，常对作物生产造成毁灭性打击。利用寄生或捕食线虫的微生物来抑制植物病原线虫种群，已被视作极具潜力的生物防控手段。然而此类生防制剂的防控效果与持效性往往随区域、土壤特性及农业耕作模式的不同而出现显著波动，因此亟需深入解析微生物群落的运作机制，以实现线虫种群的可重复、稳定防控。本研究通过对细菌与真菌进行高通量测序分析，在日本一处大豆田中探究了健康植株与线虫侵染植株的根际及土壤微生物组之间的差异。研究结果表明，被根结线虫侵染的大豆植株以及未受线虫侵染的大豆植株，分别有不同分类类群的细菌与真菌呈现出显著的偏好性定殖。基于潜在微生物间互作关系的网络分析，本研究进一步发现，若干具备潜在线虫捕食功能的真菌类群——包括隔指孢属（Dactylellina，盘菌目Orbiliales）、根生壶菌属（Rhizophydium，根生壶菌目Rhizophydiales）、粘帚霉属（Clonostachys，肉座菌目Hypocreales）、厚顶孢霉属（Pochonia，肉座菌目Hypocreales）以及紫霉属（Purpureocillium，肉座菌目Hypocreales）——在小空间尺度下共同定殖于大豆根际微环境中。本研究阐明了抗线虫微生物联合体如何从土著（原位）微生物群落中衍生而来，为农业生态系统中的抗线虫微生物群落管理提供了重要的基础理论参考。