黑龙江省优质杨树纤维用材树种筛选与栽培技术研究

该项目属属于森林培育领域，为“黑龙江省优质杨树纤维用材树种筛选与栽培技术研究”，具体包括“黑龙江省速生用材树种生长评价与栽培区划的研究该项研究”和“中短轮伐期杨树纤维用材林良种区域化试验与示范”两个研究成果。前者从2007年至2009年，后者从2007至2012年，共历时6年。1.全省速生用材树种调查及优良杨树品种的筛选。历经3年时间，设立标准地170余块，调查杨树、落叶松等用材树种28个，做解析木20株。筛选出我省营造杨树用材林品种是银中杨、青山杨、迎春5、小青黑、小黑、小黑14、大青杨等七个品种。2.栽培区划分。采用样本聚类分析方法（Q型聚类），将我省杨树纤维用材林栽培区划分北部丘陵寒冷区、东部低湿平原区、西部半干旱平原区、南部缓丘半干旱半湿润区和东南部山地湿润半湿润区。3.区域化试验。在筛选出的七个品种的基础上，从各地试验林内表现优良的杨树人工杂交无性系中选几个表现较好的品系，一同进行区域化栽培试验与示范，根据测定结果分别在不同栽培区选出银中杨、青山杨、黑青杨、小青黑、小黑杨、迎春5号等优良品种及无性系，作为我省中短轮伐期杨树纤维用材林良种，且进行了品种区划。4.采用随机区组和正交试验设计，对银中杨和青山杨幼龄林进行了施肥试验，施肥种类因品种不同而不同，能提高木材产量8.3%～16.6%，投入产出比约为1：1.98。5.对主要纤维用材林品种进行了纸浆性能测定，对杨树纤维用材林良种的生长特性与纸浆性能进行联合筛选，对不同林龄纸浆性能与工艺成熟期的确定进行了系统研究，证明5～8 a生杨树纤维用材林品种纸浆性能接近成熟，可以采伐利用。6.造林密度及采伐年龄的确定。7.通过定位观测、面上综合调查及多项栽培技术的整合等方法，提供了优化的栽培技术。

This project falls within the field of forest cultivation, titled *Screening and Cultivation Technology Research for High-quality Poplar Fiberwood Species in Heilongjiang Province*. It encompasses two research outcomes: *Research on Growth Evaluation and Cultivation Zoning of Fast-growing Timber Tree Species in Heilongjiang Province* and *Regionalized Experiment and Demonstration of Improved Poplar Varieties for Short- and Medium-rotation Fiberwood Plantations*. The former was conducted from 2007 to 2009, while the latter ran from 2007 to 2012, spanning a total of 6 years.
1. Investigation of fast-growing timber tree species across the province and screening of excellent poplar varieties. Over three years, more than 170 standard plots were established, 28 timber tree species including poplar and larch were surveyed, and stem analysis was conducted on 20 sample trees. Seven poplar varieties suitable for establishing timber plantations in Heilongjiang Province were screened out: Yinzhongyang, Qingshanyang, Yingchun No.5, Xiaoqinghei, Xiaohei, Xiaohei 14, and Daqingyang.
2. Cultivation zoning. Using sample cluster analysis (Q-type cluster), the cultivation zones for poplar fiberwood plantations in the province were divided into five categories: northern hilly cold zone, eastern low-lying wet plain zone, western semi-arid plain zone, southern gentle hill semi-arid and semi-humid zone, and southeastern mountainous humid and semi-humid zone.
3. Regionalized experiment. Based on the seven screened varieties, several high-performing clones were selected from excellent artificial poplar hybrid plantations across different regions for joint regionalized cultivation experiments and demonstrations. According to test results, excellent varieties and clones including Yinzhongyang, Qingshanyang, Heiqingyang, Xiaoqinghei, Xiaoheiyang, and Yingchun No.5 were selected for corresponding cultivation zones, which were identified as improved varieties for short- and medium-rotation poplar fiberwood plantations in Heilongjiang Province, with variety zoning completed.
4. Randomized block design and orthogonal experimental design were adopted to conduct fertilization experiments on young stands of Yinzhongyang and Qingshanyang. Fertilization types varied by variety, and the treatment increased wood yield by 8.3% to 16.6%, with an approximate input-output ratio of 1:1.98.
5. Pulp performance tests were conducted on major fiberwood plantation varieties. Joint screening of growth characteristics and pulp performance of improved poplar fiberwood varieties was carried out, and systematic research was conducted on determining pulp performance and technological maturity at different stand ages. It was proven that pulp performance of 5- to 8-year-old poplar fiberwood varieties approaches maturity, making them eligible for harvesting and utilization.
6. Determination of afforestation density and harvesting age.
7. Through methods including fixed-point observation, comprehensive on-site surveys, and integration of multiple cultivation techniques, optimized cultivation technologies were provided.