Classification of lower extremity venous malformations and risk of knee involvement: A retrospective cohort study.

Figure 3. Localized diffuse venous malformation. Blue vascular plaque on the medial right (a) and lateral left (b) lower extremity. Figure 4. Diagnostic Images. Images from MRI of left knee of 15-year-old female with intraarticular venous malformation demonstrate lobular hyperintense signal along the medial aspect of the distal left thigh and proximal leg, with extension into the joint space of the knee. Coronal image demonstrates extent of the lesion along the medial aspect of the distal thigh and proximal leg (a). Incidental note is made of additional focus of VM along the lateral aspect of the proximal leg. Images from arthroscopy demonstrating cauterization of intraarticular venous malformation (b).