The global, regional, and national burden of nasopharyngeal carcinoma and its attributable risk factors in 204 countries and territories, 1990–2019

Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is uncommon in most areas of the world but poses a significant public health burden in endemic regions. We provide an overview of the most recent global epidemiology of nasopharyngeal cancer (NPC). We estimated the burden of NPC in 204 countries and territories by age, sex, and Socio-Demographic Index (SDI) from 1990 to 2019. At the GBD regional level, the most severe age-standardized incidence in 2019 occurred in East Asia. From 1990 to 2019, the East Asia and High-income Asia Pacific had the greatest increase in percentage in age-standardized incidence. Central Asia and the Caribbean had the greatest increase in percentage in age-standardized disability-adjusted life-years (DALY) and death rates. At the national level, Cabo Verde, Romania, and the Cyprus reported the largest percentage increases in the age-standardized incidence. Cabo Verde, Romania, and Jamaica reported the largest increases in the age-standardized DALY and death rates. The global age-standardized incidence of NPC increased globally between 1990 and 2019, especially in the East Asia.

鼻咽癌（Nasopharyngeal carcinoma，NPC）在全球多数地区较为罕见，但在疾病流行区域却构成了沉重的公共卫生负担。本研究对全球鼻咽癌的最新流行病学态势进行了综述，估算了1990年至2019年间全球204个国家和地区按年龄、性别及社会人口指数（Socio-Demographic Index，SDI）划分的鼻咽癌疾病负担。在全球疾病负担（Global Burden of Disease，GBD）区域层面，2019年年龄标化发病率最高的区域为东亚。1990年至2019年，东亚与高收入亚太地区的年龄标化发病率百分比增幅最为显著。中亚及加勒比地区的年龄标化伤残调整寿命年（Disability Adjusted Life Years，DALY）与死亡率百分比增幅最高。在国家层面，佛得角、罗马尼亚及塞浦路斯的年龄标化发病率百分比增幅最大；佛得角、罗马尼亚及牙买加的年龄标化伤残调整寿命年及死亡率增幅同样最为显著。1990年至2019年，全球鼻咽癌的年龄标化发病率整体呈上升趋势，尤以东亚地区最为明显。