MyD88 -signaling by neurons induces chemokines that recruit protective leukocytes to the virus-infected CNS

Viral encephalitis is rare yet clinically serious consequence of viral invasion of brain. Here, we observed that neurotropic VSV infection causes recruitment of leukocytes into the CNS, which requires MyD88 signaling. Comparative analysis of the translatome of neurons and astrocytes verified neurons as the critical source of chemokines, which regulated leukocyte infiltration of the infected brain and impacted survival.