Data and code from: Machine learning inversion of interatomic force constants from single-crystal inelastic neutron scattering

<strong>*Data embargoed until publication of related article, or up to no more than 1 year from data upload.*</strong>

Overview: This dataset contains all numerical data, data generation scripts, model training scripts, analysis scripts, and intermediate files used to generate Figures 2–6, as well as SI Figures, in the manuscript: "Machine Learning Inversion of Interatomic Force Constants from Single-Crystal Inelastic Neutron Scattering."

Abstract: Atomic vibrations govern many macroscopic properties of materials, but experiments to comprehensively probe them remain challenging. Inelastic neutron scattering (INS) is a powerful technique to map phonon dispersions in crystals, especially when leveraging modern time-of-flight (ToF) spectrometers with large detectors. However, efficiently and robustly extracting interatomic force constants (FCs) parameterizing phonon dynamics from experimental spectra remains a bottleneck due to the complexity and high dimensionality of ToF INS datasets. Here, we present a machine learning approach for the direct inversion of FCs from single-crystal INS measurements. The framework leverages synthetic training data generated using universal machine-learned force fields and an efficient physics-based forward model. We benchmark two neural architectures--one emphasizing structured latent representation learning and the other direct, supervised spectral regression--across simulated datasets for two materials under idealized and noisy conditions. The latent-representation model is subsequently applied to experimental single-crystal INS data on germanium. The model is shown to reproduce FCs derived from both first-principles simulations and from iterative optimization, and furthermore achieves reliable inference even from sparse, single-orientation measurements representing short data acquisitions. Analysis of the learned latent space reveals semantically continuous and physically interpretable encodings that support strong cross-domain generalization. By bridging theoretical and experimental domains, we establish a path toward rapid inversion of experimental spectra and data-driven interpretation of temperature-dependent lattice dynamics.