Physiotherapeutic approach and profile of patients treated in the emergency room surgical unit of a tertiary care hospital in the Federal District

Abstract Introduction The emergency room (ER) is the main entry door for the care of critically ill patients. The inclusion of physiotherapists in these sectors is being consolidated in Brazil. Objective To characterize the physiotherapeutic approach and the clinical-functional profile of patients in the ER surgical unit of a tertiary hospital. Methods This was a retrospective cross-sectional study conducted from August to December of 2020. Clinical and functional data, and the main physiotherapeutic procedures performed, were collected. Analyses were conducted by means of the Friedman and Pearson Correlation tests, using SPSS software v.23. Results The sample included 98 patients, 68% male, mean age of 52 ± 19 years. The most common (64%) physiotherapeutic diagnosis was central nervous system (CNS) deficiency with mechanical ventilation (MV) dependence. The mean time of MV use was 4 ± 5 days. Association (p < 0.05) between MV time and admission in the emergency department (r = 0.972) and between MV time and age (r = 0.330) was identified. The most used physiotherapeutic actions were: suction (69%), lung re-expansion therapy (51%), and bed kinesiotherapy (37%). Conclusion Adult men with CNS-related disabilities were the principal patient profile. The physiotherapeutic action in the surgical emergency unit was diverse, with application of motor and respiratory techniques, and the predominant activity was the management and maintenance of MV.

摘要 引言：急诊室（ER）是危重症患者接受医疗救治的主要通道。当前，物理治疗师参与急诊科室诊疗工作的模式在巴西正逐步得到巩固。
研究目的：本研究旨在明确某三级医院急诊外科单元患者的物理治疗方案与临床功能特征。
研究方法：本研究为2020年8月至12月开展的回顾性横断面研究。研究收集了患者的临床功能数据以及实施的主要物理治疗操作，并采用SPSS软件23.0版本，通过弗里德曼检验与皮尔逊相关分析完成统计学分析。
研究结果：本研究共纳入98例患者，其中68%为男性，平均年龄为52±19岁。最常见的物理治疗诊断为中枢神经系统（CNS）功能缺损伴机械通气（MV）依赖（占比64%）。患者的平均机械通气时长为4±5天。研究发现，机械通气时长与急诊住院时长（r=0.972）、患者年龄（r=0.330）均存在统计学意义上的相关性（p<0.05）。临床中最常应用的物理治疗手段包括：气道吸引术（69%）、肺复张治疗（51%）以及床上运动疗法（37%）。
研究结论：合并中枢神经系统相关功能障碍的成年男性为该急诊外科单元的主要患者群体。急诊外科单元的物理治疗手段多样，涵盖运动与呼吸干预技术，其中核心工作为机械通气的管理与维护。