Measuring networks of the German Weather Service and the Bundeswehr Geoinformation Service

The German Weather Service (DWD) operates various ground measuring networks. The most important measurement network for weather monitoring and forecasting is the full-time station network of the DWD and the Bundeswehr Geoinformation Service, which comprises approximately 220 stations. Synoptic messages are provided from this measuring network. From the DWD stations, there are hourly and half-hour synop messages as well as 10-minute values. Only hourly reports are currently available from the stations of the Bundeswehr Geoinformation Service. The synoptic messages are encrypted according to WMO key FM 94 in BUFR format. In addition to the full-time measuring network, the DWD also operates a secondary measuring network. The incidental measuring network comprises approximately 300 stations, the so-called AMDA III stations (AMDA = Automatic Meteorological Data Collection System) and MODES III stations (MODES = Modular Data Collection System). The measurement program at the adjacent weather stations is limited compared to the full-time stations. At AMDA III/S and MODES III/S stations (S = Standard), the air temperature, humidity and precipitation height are measured hourly and half hour, at selected stations also the duration of sunshine, the ground temperature and the wind direction and speed. The data is disseminated as synoptic short messages. Furthermore, the DWD operates a precipitation measurement network with approximately 480 stations, the AMDA III/N and MODES III/N stations (N = precipitation). If there are significant rainfall radars above a station, hourly reports will be disseminated, otherwise the messages from these stations are retrieved once a day. In addition, the precipitation reports of the approximately 700 conventional, non-online-connected ANKONDA stations (connection of conventional precipitation stations to the DWD database) are reported once a day. Finally, there are about 60 additional wind measuring stations, at which only the wind speed and wind direction are measured. Further information: https://www.dwd.de/DE/leistungen/bodenwettermeldung/bodenwettermeldung.html德国气象局（German Weather Service, DWD）运营多套地面观测网络。其中用于气象监测与预报的核心观测网络，为德国气象局与联邦国防军地理信息服务局（Bundeswehr Geoinformation Service）联合运维的全时观测站网，共计约220个站点。该网络可输出气象综合报文：来自德国气象局站点的观测数据包含逐小时、逐半小时的气象报文，以及10分钟级观测值；而联邦国防军地理信息服务局所属站点目前仅提供逐小时观测报告。上述气象综合报文均遵循世界气象组织（World Meteorological Organization, WMO）FM 94规范，以BUFR格式加密。 除全时观测网络外，德国气象局还运营一套辅助观测网络。该附属观测网络包含约300个站点，即AMDA III站（AMDA即自动气象数据采集系统，Automatic Meteorological Data Collection System）与MODES III站（MODES即模块化数据采集系统，Modular Data Collection System）。相较于全时观测站，该网络的观测项目更为有限：在AMDA III/S及MODES III/S站（S代表Standard，即标准型）中，系统将逐小时、逐半小时采集气温、湿度与降水量；部分选定站点还可观测日照时长、地面温度以及风向与风速。该网络的数据以气象短报文形式对外发布。 此外，德国气象局还运营一套包含约480个站点的降水观测网络，即AMDA III/N与MODES III/N站（N代表Precipitation，即降水型）。若站点上方配备有效降雨雷达，则该站点将逐小时发布观测报告；反之，此类站点的观测数据每日仅采集一次。此外，约700台传统非联网式ANKONDA站（传统降水观测站与德国气象局数据库的对接系统）的降水观测报告，同样每日发布一次。 最后，德国气象局还设有约60座补充性风力观测站，仅观测风速与风向两项参数。 附加信息：https://www.dwd.de/DE/leistungen/bodenwettermeldung/bodenwettermeldung.html