Transcriptional remodeling of primary human monocytes trained with interleukin-4 (IL4)

Trained immunity is a phenomenon whereby innate immune cells such as monocytes or macrophages undergo functional reprogramming after exposure to certain microbial components, altering their responses to future exposures. This study profiled the transcriptome of human macrophages trained with IL4 and then re-exposed to lipopolysaccharide. Human primary monocytes were isolated using Ficoll and Percoll gradient separation. Baseline monocytes were collected after 1 hour in culture (attached). Samples for media only, LPS only, IL4, or IL4+LPS exposures were collected at 4 hours post stimulation. Additionally, monocytes were exposed to media alone, LPS, IL4 and IL4+LPS for 24 hours, allowed to differentiate to macrophages for 5 days and then re-exposed to LPS for 4 hours.