Traumatic dental injuries in 6 to 12 years old schoolchildren: a multicenter cross-sectional study in Mexico

Abstract The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of dental trauma in schoolchildren 6 to 12 years of age and associated clinical, sociodemographic, and socioeconomic variables. A cross-sectional study was conducted in 477 children from public elementary schools in four locations in Mexico. The dependent variable was dental trauma, which was dichotomized in 0 = without dental trauma and 1 = with dental trauma. For the statistical analysis, a multivariate binary logistic regression model was generated in Stata. Average age was 9.06±1.94 years and 51.1% were girls. The prevalence of dental trauma was 18.2%. Falls, automobile accidents and sports had the highest number of instances (p < 0.01). In the multivariate model, it was observed that the risk of dental trauma increased with age (OR = 1.28) and among boys (OR = 1.45). Schoolchildren with decreased overjet (OR = 0.38) had lower dental trauma. Father’s age (OR = 1.03) and educational level (OR = 1.78) were associated with dental trauma. Schoolchildren without health insurance (OR = 0.62) presented dental trauma less often. This study provided important information regarding the association of different sociodemographic, socioeconomic and clinical variables with dental trauma in Mexican schoolchildren. Identifying factors associated with dental trauma may support health promotion opportunities to ameliorate the prevalence of dental trauma.

摘要
本研究旨在明确6至12岁学龄儿童牙外伤的患病率，及其相关临床、社会人口学与社会经济影响因素。本研究针对墨西哥4个地区公立小学的477名学龄儿童开展横断面研究，以牙外伤为因变量，将其二分类为0=无牙外伤、1=有牙外伤。统计分析阶段采用Stata软件构建多元二元logistic回归模型。研究对象平均年龄为9.06±1.94岁，女性占比51.1%；整体牙外伤患病率为18.2%。跌倒、机动车事故与运动相关外伤为最主要的外伤诱因（p<0.01）。多元回归模型结果显示，年龄增长（优势比OR=1.28）与男性群体（OR=1.45）的牙外伤风险显著升高；覆盖度（overjet）降低的学龄儿童其牙外伤发生风险更低（OR=0.38）。父亲年龄（OR=1.03）与父亲受教育程度（OR=1.78）均与儿童牙外伤存在关联；无医疗保险的学龄儿童（OR=0.62）牙外伤发生率更低。本研究明确了墨西哥学龄儿童不同社会人口学、社会经济与临床变量与牙外伤的关联，为该领域提供了重要参考数据。明确牙外伤相关影响因素，可为开展健康促进工作以降低牙外伤患病率提供科学支撑。