Dataset Direct Download Service (WFS): PPRN — Restricted area of the PSS of the municipality of BACCARAT (54039)

Submersible Surface Planes (PSS) are the first mapping documents regulating land cover in flooding areas for federal watercourses. They were created by the Decree-Law of 30 October 1935 and its implementing decree of 20 October 1937. The Barnier Law of 2 February 1995 gives PSS a risk prevention plan (PPR) status, making them enforceable against third parties. The PSS is a document that establishes a utility easement affecting land use. It allows the administration to oppose any action or work likely to impede the free flow of water or the conservation of flood fields (Article R425-21 of the Urban Code). The filing of a declaration before carrying out works likely to affect the natural flow of water (digues, embankments, depots, fences, plantations, constructions) is therefore necessary. Although having the same legal value, PSS and PPR are technically different. SSPs “merely” map a flood hazard in contrast to PPRs that represent a risk taking into account the vulnerability of the territories (regulatory zoning plan). Finally, the PSS mapped a so-called “average” flood less than the reference flood used as the basis for the development of PPRs (the highest known flood corresponding to the highest known waters (PHEC) and, in the event that it was lower than a centennial flood, the latter). Pursuant to Article L562-6 of the Code de l’Environnement, the PSS are to be PPR pending their repeal by a PPR on the municipalities concerned. For natural PPRs, the Environmental Code defines two categories of zones (L562-1): risk-exposed areas and areas that are not directly exposed to risks but where measures can be foreseen to avoid exacerbating the risk. Depending on the hazard level, each area is subject to an enforceable settlement. The regulations generally distinguish three types of zones: 1- ‘Building prohibited areas’, known as ‘red areas’, where the hazard level is high and the general rule is the prohibition on construction; 2- ‘prescribed areas’, known as ‘blue zones’, where the hazard level is average and the projects are subject to requirements adapted to the type of issue; 3- areas not directly exposed to risks but where constructions, works, developments or farms, agricultural, forestry, craft, commercial or industrial could aggravate risks or cause new ones, subject to prohibitions or requirements (cf. Article L562-1 of the Environmental Code). The latter category applies only to natural RPPs.淹没地表平面图（Submersible Surface Planes，PSS）是首部针对联邦水道泛滥区土地覆盖的规范性测绘文件。该文件由1935年10月30日的政令及其1937年10月20日的实施政令制定。 1995年2月2日的巴尼耶法（Barnier Law）赋予PSS风险预防计划（Risk Prevention Plan，PPR）的法定地位，使其可对第三方强制执行。PSS是一份设定土地使用地役权（utility easement）的文件，授权行政机关反对任何可能阻碍水体自由流通或保护洪泛区的行为或工程（依据《城市法典（Urban Code）》第R425-21条）。因此，在开展可能影响水体自然流通的工程（如堤坝、护坡、堆场、围栏、种植工程及各类建筑）前，需进行申报备案。 尽管PSS与PPR具有同等法律效力，但二者在技术层面存在差异。与PPR不同，PPR会结合领地脆弱性制定风险防控方案（监管分区规划，regulatory zoning plan），而PSS仅能单纯测绘洪水灾害风险。此外，PSS所测绘的所谓"平均"洪水水位低于作为PPR制定基准的参考洪水水位——参考洪水水位为对应已知最高水位的已知最大洪水（PHEC）；若该水位低于百年一遇洪水标准，则以百年一遇洪水作为基准。 依据《环境法典（Code de l’Environnement）》第L562-6条，在相关市镇通过PPR废止原有PSS前，PSS暂以PPR的形式生效。 针对天然PPR，《环境法典》将区域划分为两类（第L562-1条）：直接受风险影响的区域，以及虽未直接暴露于风险但可采取措施避免风险加剧的区域。 根据灾害等级，每类区域均需执行可强制执行的处置方案。法规通常将区域划分为三类： 1. "禁止建设区"，即"红区"：灾害等级较高，原则上禁止任何建设行为； 2. "管制建设区"，即"蓝区"：灾害等级中等，工程建设需符合针对特定问题制定的适配性要求； 3. 虽未直接暴露于风险，但各类建设、工程、开发活动或农林、手工业、商业、工业经营场所可能加剧风险或引发新风险的区域，需遵守相关禁止性规定或合规要求（参见《环境法典》第L562-1条）。该第三类区域仅适用于天然PPR。