Supplemental Tables on the relationship between changes in implementaion ofgroup exercise and incidence of frailty among Japanese non-frail older adults

In this study, we aimed to determine the relationship between group exercise implementation status in 2018 and 2020 and the incidence of frailty in 2020, including the COVID-19 pandemic among older adults in Japan. This supplemental tables provide additional results and analyses that complement those presented in the main manuscript.Supplemental Table1: Results from the multiple imputation methodAbbreviations: CI, confidence interval; RR, relative risk. Note: Frailty status was assessed using Kihon Checklist. Total scores of 0–3, 4–7, and ≥8 points were considered to indicate “robust,” “pre-frailty,” and “frailty,” respectively. Model 1was adjusted for age, sex, body mass index, living alone, working, self-rated health, perceived household economic status, smoking, not drinking, social status activity and regular exercise at baseline. Model 2 was adjusted for age, sex, body mass index, living alone, working status, self-rated health status, perceived household economic status, smoking status, non-drinking status, social activity status, regular exercise status, and frailty status at baseline.Supplemental Table 2: Poisson regression with robust variance between group exercise implementation and frailty incidence excluding socio-environmental items (No. 1, 4, 16, 17).Abbreviations: CI, confidence interval; RR, relative risk. Note: Frailty status was assessed using Kihon Checklist. Total scores of 0–3, 4–7, and ≥8 points were considered to indicate “robust,” “pre-frailty,” and “frailty,” respectively. Model 1 was adjusted for age, sex, body mass index, living alone, working, self-rated health, perceived household economic status, smoking, not drinking, social activity status, and regular exercise at baseline. Model 2 was adjusted for age, sex, body mass index, living alone, working status, self-rated health status, perceived household economic status, smoking status, non-drinking status, social activity status, regular exercise status, and frailty status at baseline.Supplemental Table 3: Comparison of baseline and follow-up KCL scores categorized based on socio-environmentalNote: Frailty status was assessed using Kihon Checklist. Kihon Checklist scores are shown as median (interquartile range). Analysis was conducted using Wilcoxon rank-sum test.Supplemental Table 4. Comparison of analyzed (Analytic) and excluded (Non-analytic) subjects (n=3247).Abbreviations: BMI, body mass index. Note: Numerical data are presented as means (standard deviation) or median (interquartile range). Categorical data are presented as numbers (%). Regular exercise was defined as exercising at least twice a week for at least 30 min each time for at least 1 year. Frailty status was assessed using the Kihon Checklist. Total scores of 0–3 and 4–7 points were considered to indicate “robust” and “pre-frailty,” respectively.Missing data of analyzed: exercise time, 34.Missing data of excluded: age, 78; sex, 64; BMI, 143; Living alone, 109; working status, 84, self-rated health status, 96; Perceived household economic status, 93; smoking status, 128; non-drinking status 167; regular exercise status, 159; social activity status, 17; frailty status, 859; group exercise status, 487; exercise time, 288.a Analysis was conducted using independent samples t test (2-tailed).b Analysis was conducted using chi-square test.c Analysis was conducted using Mann-Whitney U test.