The Nature of Positive and Negative Charges—— A Frequency Stratification Effect Using the Electron as a Probe

Traditional physics treats positive and negative charges as inherent, opposing binary properties of particles, but has never explained the physical origin of this sign division. Within the framework of World Quantum Theory, this paper proposes that the division of positive and negative charges does not originate from some "positive charge entity" or "negative charge entity" inherent to the particle itself, but rather from a stratification effect that emerges when using the electron as a frequency probe to measure the particle, based on whether the particle's world quantum frequency is higher or lower than that of the electron. The electron, being the lightest, stable, and occupying the terminal position in the human electromagnetic measurement chain, naturally serves as the frequency reference probe for charge measurement. When a particle's world quantum frequency is higher than the electron's frequency, it manifests as a positive charge under the electron probe; when lower, it manifests as a negative charge. This interpretation liberates positive and negative charges from their mysterious binary opposition, reducing them to relative high-low markers on a frequency spectrum. Cases such as the proton, muon, and antiparticles are all self-consistently explained within this framework, and are fully compatible with traditional observations. This theory also predicts that if particles of other frequencies were used as probes, the dividing line between positive and negative charges would shift, meaning charge sign is not absolute. Keywords: World Quantum Theory; positive and negative charges; electron probe; frequency stratification; charge sign; world factor