Natural risk prevention plan for the Châlons-en-Champagne flood — area Amont CAC (department de la Marne)

The COVADIS data standard for risk prevention plans includes all the technical and organisational specifications for the digital storage of geographical data represented in the risk prevention plans (RPPs). The major risks consist of the eight main natural hazards foreseeable in the national territory: floods, earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, terrain movements, coastal hazards, avalanches, forest fires, cyclones and storms, and four technological risks: the nuclear risk, the industrial risk, the risk of transport of dangerous materials and the risk of dam failure.The risk prevention plans (PPR) were established by the Law of 2 February 1995 on strengthening the protection of the environment. The PPR tool is part of the Law of 22 July 1987 on the organisation of civil security, the protection of the forest against fire and the prevention of major risks. The development of a RPP is the responsibility of the State. It is decided by the Prefect. Whether they are natural, technological or multi-risk, risk prevention plans have similarities. They contain three categories of information:• Regulatory mapping translates into a geographical delimitation of the territory concerned by the risk. This delimitation defines areas in which specific regulations apply. These regulations are easement and impose requirements varying according to the hazard level to which the area is exposed. The areas are represented on a zoning plan that fully covers the study area.• The hazards causing the risk are contained in hazard documents which can be inserted in the presentation report or annexed to the RPP. These documents are used to map the different levels of intensity of each hazard taken into account in the risk prevention plan.• The issues identified during the development of the PPR can also be annexed to the approved document in the form of maps.These similarities between the different types of RPPs and the desire to achieve a good level of standardisation of PPR data have led COVADIS to opt for a single data standard, sufficiently generic to process the different types of risk prevention plan (NRPP natural risk prevention plans, technological risk prevention plans PPRT)This data standard does not consist of a complete modelling of a risk plan dossier. The scope of this document is limited to geographical data in the RPPs, whether regulatory or not. Nor is the PPR standard intended to standardise knowledge of hazards.The challenge is to have a description for a homogeneous storage of PPR geographical data, since these data are of interest to several professions within the ministries responsible for agriculture, on the one hand, and ecology, and sustainable development, on the other.COVADIS风险预防计划数据标准涵盖了风险预防计划（Risk Prevention Plans, RPPs）中所涉及地理数据的数字化存储相关全部技术与组织规范。该标准覆盖的主要风险包括本国领土内可预见的8类主要自然灾害：洪水、地震、火山喷发、地面移动、海岸灾害、雪崩、森林火灾、气旋与风暴，以及4类技术风险：核风险、工业风险、危险货物运输风险与堤坝溃决风险。 风险预防计划（PPR）由1995年2月2日《关于加强环境保护的法律》确立。PPR工具是1987年7月22日《民用安全组织、森林防火与重大风险防治法》的组成部分。风险预防计划（RPP）的编制工作由国家负责，由省长审批决定。 无论风险预防计划属于自然风险、技术风险还是多风险类型，均具有共通之处，其包含三类信息： • 监管制图：即对受风险影响的辖区进行地理界线划定。该界线界定了适用特定监管要求的区域，此类监管要求属于地役权范畴，并根据区域面临的灾害等级设定差异化约束。上述区域会在覆盖研究全域的分区规划图上予以标注。 • 风险成因灾害：相关灾害信息收录于灾害文档中，可嵌入汇报报告或作为附件附于风险预防计划（RPP）之后。此类文档用于绘制风险预防计划中所考量的各类灾害的不同强度等级分布图。 • 编制过程中识别出的问题：亦可通过地图形式作为附件附于获批后的文件中。 鉴于不同类型RPP之间的共通性，以及实现PPR数据标准化水平的需求，COVADIS最终选用单一数据标准，该标准具备足够的通用性，可适配各类风险预防计划，包括自然风险预防计划（Natural Risk Prevention Plans, NRPP）与技术风险预防计划（Technological Risk Prevention Plans, PPRT）。 本数据标准并非对风险计划档案的完整建模，本文件的适用范围仅涵盖风险预防计划（RPP）中的地理数据，无论其是否涉及监管要求。此外，PPR标准亦并非用于统一灾害相关知识的标准化规范。 当前面临的挑战在于，需为PPR地理数据的统一存储制定规范说明——此类数据一方面受到农业、生态与可持续发展相关部委内多个专业领域的关注。