Gaseous and Particulate Emissions from a Small Business Jet Using Conventional Jet A‑1 and a 30% SAF Blend

Small turbofan engines (x emissions remained unchanged, SO2 emissions decreased proportionally to the fuel sulfur content. VOC analysis showed lower emissions of complex unsaturated hydrocarbons. These findings highlight SAF’s potential to mitigate climate and air quality impacts. They also reveal discrepancies in estimated emissions from small turbofan engines and underscore limitations in existing models that predict fuel composition effects on nvPM emissions.