Ancient Siberian wolf sequencing

Shotgun sequencing was performed on a canid rib (Taimyr 1) originally collected during an expedition to the Russian Taimyr Peninsula in 2010. This rib was identified as coming from a wolf through sequencing of a short region of the mitochondrial 16S gene, and was directly dated using AMS radiocarbon dating to 30,920±380 14C years BP, equivalent to ~34,900 calendar years BP. Genomic libraries were constructed with and without treatment with the USER enzyme mix, the latter was used to remove postmortem-derived uracil residues that introduce errors into ancient genome data sets. We sequenced these libraries on the Illumina HiSeq platform to a total average genome coverage of ~1-fold, the majority of which is derived from the USER-treated libraries.