Competition for acoustic space in a temperate-forest bird community

Animals that communicate by acoustic signaling share a common acoustic environment. Birds are particularly vocal examples, using a wide repertoire of songs and calls for mate attraction and territorial defense. However, interference caused by sounds that overlap in frequency and time can disrupt signal detection and reduce reproductive success. This may be particularly important in temperate regions where breeding is restricted to short seasonal windows. Here we investigated competition avoidance mechanisms used by the bird community inhabiting a primeval lowland temperate forest in Białowieża, Eastern Poland. We recorded morning soundscapes at 84 locations in early and late spring and calculated song dissimilarity indices to examine how species with greater song similarities use spatial and temporal partitioning to avoid competition for acoustic space throughout the breeding season. The bird community changed its use of acoustic space throughout the day and season. Birds did not use sp..., , , # Competition for acoustic space in a temperate-forest bird community

[https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.73n5tb339](https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.73n5tb339)

We calculated the Song Dissimilarity Index (SDI) for each pair of the species present in Białowieża Forest using good quality recordings of 55 reference species from the area (8±2 individuals per species, 414 individuals in total). The index is based on the Acoustic Dissimilarity Index developed by Sueur et al. (2008). To obtain the song samples, we recorded songs of 62 individuals of 10 species in Białowieża Forest between 19-28 April 2021. The recordings were made using a digital recorder (Marantz PMD661) at a sampling rate of 48kHz with16-bit accuracy, with a Sennheiser directional microphone. We supplemented these with recordings of 352 individuals downloaded from Xeno-canto (xeno-canto.org), recorded at a minimum 44.1 kHz sampling rate. As the files from Xeno-canto were saved in mp3 format, we first converted our recordings to mp...

通过声学信号进行交流的动物共享共同的声学环境。鸟类是尤为擅长发声的类群，它们拥有丰富多样的鸣唱与鸣叫曲目，用于求偶配对与领地防御。然而，频率与时间重叠的声音所引发的干扰，会破坏信号接收并降低繁殖成功率。这一点在温带地区尤为关键，因为该区域的繁殖活动仅局限于短暂的季节性窗口期。
本研究针对栖息于波兰东部比亚沃维耶扎原始低地温带森林的鸟类群落所采用的竞争规避机制展开了调查。我们于春季早晚期在84个采样点位录制了晨间声景，并计算了鸣唱相异性指数（Song Dissimilarity Index, SDI），以此探究鸣唱相似度更高的物种如何通过空间与时间分区，来避免在整个繁殖季争夺声学空间。鸟类群落的声学空间利用模式会随每日时段与季节发生变化。鸟类并未采用空间...
# 温带森林鸟类群落的声学空间竞争
[https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.73n5tb339](https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.73n5tb339)
本研究为比亚沃维耶扎森林中现存的每一对物种计算了鸣唱相异性指数（SDI），所用数据来自该区域55个参考物种的优质录音（每个物种平均8±2个个体，总计414个个体）。该指数基于Sueur等人（2008）提出的声学相异性指数（Acoustic Dissimilarity Index）构建。为获取鸣唱样本，我们于2021年4月19日至28日期间，在比亚沃维耶扎森林录制了10个物种共62个个体的鸣唱。录制工作采用采样率48kHz、16位精度的数字录音机（Marantz PMD661）搭配森海塞尔（Sennheiser）指向性麦克风完成。我们还补充了从Xeno-canto（xeno-canto.org）下载的352个个体的录音，这些录音的采样率不低于44.1kHz。由于Xeno-canto的文件均保存为mp3格式，我们首先将自身录制的音频转换为mp3...