Gravitational natural processes in the Gesäuse National Park

The assessment of gravitational natural processes is often extremely difficult, especially in the high mountains, which also includes the Gesäuse National Park, with its high dynamics. In addition to the theoretical aids of calculation and modelling, the inclusion of past events contributes significantly to the better understanding of these processes. The aim of this thesis was therefore to take stock and model the gravitational natural processes in the Gesäuse National Park. Based on the data bases, the following were selected from the number of processes to be assigned to this overcategory: Avalanche, Mure, slide and fall event or rockfall. The inventory was carried out on the basis of extensive literature research. The natural processes from the various sources (books, photos, archives, etc.) were then transferred to the newly created GRANAT database and located in a map using the Geographic Information System (GIS). The GIS modelling of the four natural processes was limited to the respective disposition in the entire project area (about 110 km) and was carried out using the qualitative index method. By comparing the results of the inventory with those of the MRP modelling, their significance could be verified and confirmed in the case of MRP modeling.重力型自然过程的评估通常极具挑战性，在具备高度动态性的高山区尤为如此，格萨乌斯国家公园（Gesäuse National Park）正是这类区域之一。除借助计算与建模等理论工具外，梳理过往发生的相关事件也能显著提升对这类过程的认知水平。因此本研究的目标为：对格萨乌斯国家公园内的重力型自然过程开展全面清查并构建模型。基于现有数据库，从该大类下的诸多过程中筛选出以下四类：雪崩（Avalanche）、泥流（Mure）、滑坡（Slide）以及坠落事件（Fall Event）或落石（Rockfall）。 本次清查以大规模文献调研为基础实施。随后，从各类来源（书籍、照片、档案资料等）获取的自然过程相关数据被录入新建的GRANAT数据库，并通过地理信息系统（Geographic Information System，GIS）完成空间定位与制图。 针对上述四类自然过程的地理信息系统建模，仅覆盖整个研究区域（约110 km）内各过程的空间分布特征，且采用定性指数法完成。通过将清查结果与MRP建模结果进行对比，可验证并确认MRP建模的有效性。