Vitis amurensis Genome sequencing

To investigate genetic mechanisms related to downy mildew resistance, we performed genome-wide sequencing of 'Zuoshaner' and 'Zuoyouhong' and identified cultivar-specific single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), insertions/deletions (indels), structural variations (SVs), and copy number variations (CNVs), identifying 5,399 SVs and 191 CNVs specific for 'Zuoshaner'. Genes affected by these genetic variations were enriched in the biological processes, including response to defense, stress, and stimulation, and were associated with sesquiterpenoid and triterpenoid biosynthesis, ABC transporters, and phenylalanine metabolism pathways. Additionally, indels and SVs were detected in six NBS-LRR disease-resistance genes, and a CNV was mapped to the Rpv8 (resistance to P. viticola 8) locus responsible for downy mildew resistance. These findings further the understanding of genetic mechanisms underlying grape mildew resistance, facilitating genomic marker-assisted breeding for improved V. amurensis cultivars.