塔里木河流域水质、营养盐浓度、DOM丰度、碳排放相关参数数据集（2023-2024年）

本文以塔里木河流域不同水系干、支流为研究区（73°10'N~94°05'N, 34°55'E~43°08'E），2023—2024年共采集101个不同干流 （26个）、支流 （75个） 的水样，通过光谱吸收、三维荧光结合平行因子分析表征DOM的来源与组成。采用顶空—扩散系数法测定水体中溶解性二氧化碳和甲烷，并计算其水体溶存浓度及排放通量，这些数据主要包括塔里木河流域101个样品，水体营养盐水平（总氮、总磷），水质参数（水温），DOM吸收系数（a254、S275-295等）、DOM荧光组分（C1-C4），水体中溶解性二氧化碳和甲烷浓度及扩散通量。This study takes the main and tributary streams of different water systems in the Tarim River Basin as the study area (73°10′N–94°05′N, 34°55′E–43°08′E). From 2023 to 2024, a total of 101 water samples were collected, including 26 from main streams and 75 from tributaries. Spectral absorption spectroscopy and three-dimensional fluorescence spectroscopy combined with parallel factor analysis (PARAFAC) were used to characterize the source and composition of dissolved organic matter (DOM). The headspace-diffusion coefficient method was adopted to determine dissolved carbon dioxide (CO₂) and methane (CH₄) in water bodies, and their dissolved concentrations and emission fluxes in water were calculated. The dataset mainly includes 101 samples from the Tarim River Basin, water nutrient levels (total nitrogen, total phosphorus), water quality parameters (water temperature), DOM absorption coefficients (a₂₅₄, S₂₇₅₋₂₉₅, etc.), DOM fluorescent components (C1–C4), as well as the concentrations of dissolved CO₂ and CH₄ in water bodies and their diffusion fluxes.