The effect of systematic sports activities on the motor development of children from seven to 10 years

AbstractIt is recognized that systematic physical activities cause changes in many aspects of children's development. Thus, the present study aimed to verify the impact of programmed sports activities, classical ballet and futsal, on indicators of global motor function and balance in children. The sample consisted of 160 children between 7 and 10 years of age. Eighty school children of both sexes were selected, characterized by the exclusive practice of school Physical Education. The programmed sports groups were composed of 40 female children, classical ballet practitioners, and 40 males who participated in futsal, characterizing the systematized practice group. The Motor Development Scale MDS was applied to assess global motor function and balance. In addition, the habitual physical activity questionnaire was used to calculate energy expenditure. Data distribution was verified using the Shapiro-Wilk's test and then were applied non-parametric tests of the Kruskall-Wallis test with post hoc Mann-Whitney U, Wilcoxon and Chi-Square Pearson tests. The significance level was set at 5% (p ≤ 0.05). Significant results were found in the systematized practice groups, with indices classified as superior and higher percentage for Motor Age of Global Motricity (MAGM) and Motor Age of Balance (MAB), when compared to chronological age (CA). In conclusion the children who practiced programmed sports activities demonstrated superiority in the tests when compared to the control group, where more than 65% were classified as normal.摘要 学界公认，系统性体育活动会对儿童发育的多个维度产生影响。因此，本研究旨在验证计划性体育活动（含古典芭蕾舞与五人制足球）对儿童整体运动功能与平衡能力相关指标的影响。本研究样本涵盖160名7至10岁儿童，其中80名男女兼具的在校学生仅参与常规学校体育课程，无额外专项体育训练，作为对照组；计划性体育活动组则包含40名练习古典芭蕾舞的女童与40名参与五人制足球的男童，共同构成系统化训练组。采用运动发育量表（Motor Development Scale, MDS）评估受试者的整体运动功能与平衡能力，同时通过日常体力活动问卷计算能量消耗。研究首先通过Shapiro-Wilk检验验证数据分布，随后采用Kruskal-Wallis非参数检验结合事后Mann-Whitney U检验、Wilcoxon检验与Pearson卡方检验进行数据分析，检验显著性水平设定为5%（p ≤ 0.05）。结果显示，相较于实足年龄（CA），系统化训练组的整体运动能力运动年龄（MAGM）与平衡能力运动年龄（MAB）指标均表现更优且占比更高，结果具有统计学显著性。综上，与对照组相比，参与计划性体育活动的儿童在各项测试中表现更优，其中65%以上的受试者被归类为运动发育正常。