Thermal conductivity of ice at various temperatures

Thermal conductivity of ice at various temperatures

Junjie Chen

Contributor: Junjie Chen, ORCID: 0000-0001-5055-4309, E-mail address: [e-mail], Department of Energy and Power Engineering, School of Mechanical and Power Engineering, Henan Polytechnic University, 2000 Century Avenue, Jiaozuo, Henan, 454000, P.R. China

Ice is water frozen into a solid state, typically forming at or below temperatures of 0 degrees Celsius or 32 degrees Fahrenheit. Depending on the presence of impurities such as particles of soil or bubbles of air, it can appear transparent or a more or less opaque bluish-white color. Ice exhibits at least eighteen phases, depending on temperature and pressure. When water is cooled rapidly, up to three types of amorphous ice can form depending on its history of pressure and temperature. As a naturally occurring crystalline inorganic solid with an ordered structure, ice is considered to be a mineral. It possesses a regular crystalline structure based on the molecule of water, which consists of a single oxygen atom covalently bonded to two hydrogen atoms. However, many of the physical properties of water and ice are controlled by the formation of hydrogen bonds between adjacent oxygen and hydrogen atoms; while it is a weak bond, it is nonetheless critical in controlling the structure of both water and ice.

Thermodynamic temperature (degrees kelvin), Thermal conductivity (watts per meter-kelvin)

273.15          2.09

253.15          2.161

233.15          2.232

213.15          2.303

193.15          2.374

173.15          2.445

273.15          2.2199

253.15          2.3854

233.15          2.6322

213.15          2.9603

193.15          3.3695

173.15          3.8601

273.15          2.0914

253.15          2.2973

233.15          2.5431

213.15          2.841

193.15          3.2086

173.15          3.6723

273.15          2.092

143.15          2.552