Tree-ring oxygen isotope record from the Pamir Plateau and High Mountain Asia Jet reconstruction

Tree-ring samples were collected from the Pamir Plateau, and their oxygen isotope ratios were measured. A strong correlation was identified between the tree-ring oxygen isotope series and the observed High Mountain Asia Jet (HMAJ) index during early summer (May–June). Based on this relationship, we reconstructed the early summer HMAJ variability using the oxygen isotope chronology. The reconstruction spans the period 1430–2018 CE at annual resolution.