Validation of Corah's Dental Anxiety Scale

Background-An appropriate scale to assess the dental anxiety of Hindi speaking population is lacking. This study, therefore, aimed to evaluate the psychometric properties of Hindi version of one of the oldest dental anxiety scale, Corah’s Dental Anxiety Scale (CDAS) in Hindi speaking Indian adults. Methods-A total of 348 subjects from the outpatient department of a dental hospital in India participated in this cross-sectional study. The scale was cross-culturally adapted by forward and backward translation, committee review and pretesting method. The construct validity of the translated scale was explored with exploratory factor analysis. The correlation of the Hindi version of CDAS with Visual Analogue scale (VAS) was used to measure convergent validity. Reliability was investigated through calculation of Cronbach’s alpha and intra class correlation. Forty-eight forms were completed for test-retest. Results- Prevalence of dental anxiety in the sample with the age range of 18-80 years was 85.63% [95% CI]. The response rate was 100%. After factor analysis, 4 items with single factor (dental anxiety) was obtained. The single factor model explained 61% of variance. Pearson’s correlation coefficient between CDAS and VAS was 0.494. Test- retest showed the Cronbach’s alpha value of 0.814. The test-retest intra-class correlation coefficient of the total CDAS score was 0.881. (95% CI = 0.318 – 0.554) Conclusion- Hindi version of CDAS is a valid and reliable scale to assess dental anxiety in Hindi speaking population. Convergent validity was well recognized but construct validity is limited and requires further studies.背景：当前缺乏适用于评估印地语使用者群体牙科焦虑情绪的标准化量表。因此本研究旨在针对印地语为母语的印度成年人，评估历史悠久的牙科焦虑量表之一——科拉牙科焦虑量表（Corah’s Dental Anxiety Scale, CDAS）印地语译本的心理测量学性能。方法：本横断面研究共纳入印度某牙科医院门诊的348名受试者。该量表通过正向翻译、反向翻译、专家委员会评审及预测试的方法完成跨文化调适。采用探索性因子分析考察翻译后量表的结构效度；以印地语版CDAS与视觉模拟量表（Visual Analogue Scale, VAS）的相关性评估其会聚效度。通过克朗巴赫α系数及组内相关系数检验信度；另有48份有效问卷用于重测信度分析。结果：本次研究样本的年龄跨度为18~80岁，其中牙科焦虑检出率为85.63%[95%置信区间]，问卷回收率达100%。经因子分析后，最终提取出单因子（牙科焦虑）共4个条目，该单因子模型可解释61%的方差变异。CDAS与VAS的皮尔逊相关系数为0.494。重测分析显示克朗巴赫α系数为0.814；CDAS总分的重测组内相关系数为0.881（95%CI=0.318–0.554）。结论：科拉牙科焦虑量表印地语译本是一种用于评估印地语使用者群体牙科焦虑情绪的有效且可靠的量表。其会聚效度良好，但结构效度存在局限，有待进一步研究加以完善。