Gaze behaviours engaged while taking over automated driving: a systematic literature review

Among highly automated driving research topics, transition of control, especially from automated to manual driving (i.e., takeover) have been the object of numerous studies. Drivers’ gaze behaviours are of particular interest as proper information processing by the driver is a key element to safe manual control resumption. In this study, 22 research articles were selected and reviewed to extract main gaze behaviours tendencies during takeover transitions. Despite a great variety in protocols and gaze metrics, categories of factors and gaze parameters have been established. The resulting data shows that at the onset of the takeover request gaze tend to be quickly reoriented towards the road ahead. Despite this, an increase in gaze dispersion on the road environment was found in automated driving. In addition, clear evidence for detrimental effects of visually engaging non-driving related activities on visual exploration strategies emerge (e.g., delay in reorienting the gaze towards the road ahead). Altogether, gaze data reveal the complexity of information processing during takeovers. A synthetical view of gaze parameters evolution during the takeover process has been established and associated with visual information gathering and processing. Finally, a broader view underlying the importance of combining technological approaches with human centred ones is proposed. Supplemental data for this article is available online at at http://doi:10.1080/1463922X.2022.2036861 .在高度自动驾驶的各类研究主题中，控制权切换——尤其是自动驾驶模式切换至人工驾驶模式（即接管）——已然成为诸多研究的核心议题。驾驶员的注视行为尤为值得关注，因为驾驶员对信息的有效处理是安全恢复人工驾驶的核心要素。本研究选取并梳理了22篇相关学术论文，以提取接管过程中驾驶员的主要注视行为倾向。尽管各研究的实验范式与注视指标存在较大差异，但学界已明确了影响因素与注视参数的分类体系。所得数据表明，在接管请求触发之初，驾驶员的视线往往会快速重新聚焦至前方道路。尽管如此，研究发现自动驾驶模式下，驾驶员对道路环境的视线分散程度有所提升。此外，已有明确证据表明，从事需要视觉注意力的非驾驶相关活动会对驾驶员的视觉探索策略产生不利影响（例如，视线重新聚焦至前方道路的延迟）。综合来看，注视行为数据揭示了接管过程中信息处理的复杂性。本研究已构建出接管过程中注视参数变化的综合视图，并将其与视觉信息的采集与处理过程相关联。最后，本研究提出了更宏观的视角，强调将技术路径与以人为中心的研究路径相结合的重要性。本文的补充数据可通过以下链接在线获取：http://doi:10.1080/1463922X.2022.2036861。