Agroindustrial performance and heterosis in sweet sorghum using male-sterile lines with high stem sugar content

Abstract The objective of this study was to evaluate the performance of hybrids and the heterosis in crosses of sweet sorghum using juicy sweet male-sterile lines and fertility-restoring lines with and without sensitivity to photoperiod. Thirty hybrids and six controls were evaluated in experiments laid out in a 6 × 6 triple lattice design. The genotypes differed for all traits. The general combining ability (GCA) of the R lines affected all traits, while the GCA of the A lines only affected juice extraction, total soluble solids, and tons of Brix per hectare (TBH). The photosensitive-restoring line CMSXS5022 had the highest positive GCA estimates for the fresh mass production and TBH traits. Heterosis was significant only for days to flowering and plant height. Overall, the photoperiod-sensitive hybrids stood out. The development of male-sterile lines requires better complementarity from restoring lines to reap the benefits of heterosis.

摘要 本研究旨在利用对光周期敏感或不敏感的多汁甜型雄性不育系（male-sterile lines）与恢复系（fertility-restoring lines），评估甜高粱杂交种的表现及其杂种优势。试验采用6×6三重格子设计，共评估30个杂交种与6个对照材料。所有供试基因型在各性状上均存在显著差异。恢复系的一般配合力（general combining ability，GCA）对所有性状均有显著影响，而不育系的一般配合力仅影响出汁率、总可溶性固形物及公顷糖度吨数（tons of Brix per hectare，TBH）。光周期敏感恢复系CMSXS5022在鲜重产量与TBH性状上的正向一般配合力效应值最高。杂种优势仅在开花天数与株高两个性状上表现显著。总体而言，光周期敏感杂交种表现更为突出。若要充分获取杂种优势的育种收益，需选育与不育系互补性更强的恢复系。