Burnout syndrome and resilience in medical students from a Brazilian public college in Salvador, Brazil

Abstract Introduction Burnout syndrome is highly prevalent among medical students. Whereas burnout syndrome has been associated with negative outcomes, like suicidal ideation, protective factors are still unknown. Objective To evaluate if there is an association between burnout syndrome and resilience in medical students, assessing covariates such as depressive symptoms, suicidal ideation, and religiosity. Method This cross-sectional study was carried out with a sample of 209 students from a medical school in Brazil. Burnout syndrome was assessed using the Maslach Burnout Inventory – Student Survey. Potential protective factors and aggravators to burnout syndrome were investigated using appropriate scales. Results Fifty-nine students (28.2%) presented burnout. Multivariate analysis showed that resilience was a protective factor (p < 0.001), along with being older, married or having better academic performance. Depressive symptoms were positively associated with burnout. Religiosity was not a protective factor and suicidal ideation was not associated with burnout when adjusted for depressive symptoms. Conclusion Burnout is frequent among medical students, impacting mental health and academic performance. Resilience seems to be a protective factor, and the relationship between burnout and suicidal ideation is possibly mediated by depressive symptoms. Prospective studies are needed to further investigate the associations found in this study.

【摘要】职业倦怠综合征（Burnout Syndrome）在医学生中患病率极高。尽管该综合征已被证实与自杀意念等不良结局相关，但其保护因素仍未明确。
研究目的：评估医学生的职业倦怠综合征与心理弹性之间是否存在关联，并校正抑郁症状、自杀意念及宗教虔诚度等混杂因素。
研究方法：本横断面研究纳入巴西某医学院的209名学生作为研究对象。采用马氏职业倦怠量表-学生版（Maslach Burnout Inventory – Student Survey）评估职业倦怠综合征，通过适配的量表调查职业倦怠综合征的潜在保护因素与恶化因素。
研究结果：共有59名学生（28.2%）存在职业倦怠。多因素分析显示，心理弹性、年龄更大、已婚或学业表现更优均为保护因素（p < 0.001）；抑郁症状与职业倦怠呈正相关。宗教虔诚度未表现出保护作用，在校正抑郁症状后，自杀意念与职业倦怠无显著关联。
研究结论：职业倦怠在医学生中较为常见，会对心理健康及学业表现造成不良影响。心理弹性似乎是其保护因素，而职业倦怠与自杀意念之间的关联可能由抑郁症状介导。未来仍需开展前瞻性研究，以进一步验证本研究发现的关联关系。