Impedance data for various electrochemical and electrical systems

Impedance dataset for different electrochemical and electrical systems:

Lithium-Ion battery LFP (A123 26650)

Lithium-Ion battery NCR (Panasonic 18650)

Vanadium redox-flow Battery
Polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell

High-temperature PEM (Custom made)

Double-layer capacitor 3.4 kF (Maxwell)

Analogue RLC circuit (Custom made)

Details
A123 Systems, 26650 lithium iron phosphate | graphite, 2,5 Ah
Panasonic NCR-18650B, 18650 nickel-manganese-cobalt-oxid | graphite, 2.5 Ah
Micro Flow Cell (Electrocell A/S, Tarm, DK), surface 10 cm2 
ElringKlinger(EK) single PEM fuel cell, active surface area 50 cm2 
Custom made fuel cell assembly, metallic bipolar plates with single serpentine flow-fields, electrode surface area of 4 cm², polybenzimidazole (PBI) membranes (Dapazol1, Danish Power Systems-DPS1) 
Maxwell, capacitance 3400 F, 2.85 V
Custom made circuit with a parallel connection of a 2.2 μF foil capacitor and a lossy inductor with 9.7 mΩ  and 5 mH, factory values may vary ± 10 %

Operating point
50% state of charge, 3.27 V, 20 °C
50 % state of charge, 3.27 V, 20 °C
50% state of charge, 1:4 V 
1 A, RH of 83.4%, stoichiometry of 4.0/2.0
H2 / air stoichiometry 1.8 / 2.5, 160 °C, 800 mA/cm²
voltage 603.5 mV, temperature 30 °C
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Device
Zahner Zennium Pro workstation
Zahner Zennium Pro workstation
Scribner 857, Gamry Reference 3000
Scribner Associates fuel cell test station with 885 Fuel Cell Potentiostat
Zahner Zennium Pro workstation
Zahner Zennium Pro workstation
Biologic VMP300

EIS mode
galvanostatic
galvanostatic
potentiostatic
galvanostatic
galvanostatic
potentiostatic
galvanostatic

Amplitude
30 mA
250 mA
10 mV
100 mA
100 mA
10 mV
30 mA

Frequency
52 mHz - 17 kHz
10 mHz - 10 kHz
100 mHz - 10 kHz
10 mHz - 3.98 kHz
100 mHz - 100 kHz
100 mHz - 1 kHz
100 Hz - 10 kHz

Reference
Danzer, M.A. (2019). Generalized Distribution of Relaxation Times Analysis for the Characterization of Impedance Spectra.
Rüther, T., Schamel, M., Plank, C., Schomburg, F., Röder, F., & Danzer, M. A. (2023). Cell-to-Cell-Variations of a Panasonic NCR18650B. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8369275

Danzer, M.A. (2019). Generalized Distribution of Relaxation Times Analysis for the Characterization of Impedance Spectra.

Schneider, J., Tichter, T., Khadke, P., Zeis, R., and Roth, C. (2020). Deconvolution of electrochemical impedance data for the monitoring of electrode degradation in VRFB. Electrochimica Acta 336, 135510.

Ivan Pivac, Ivar J. Halvorsen, Dario Bezmalinovic, Frano Barbir, & Federico Zenith. (2020). Low-frequency EIS intercept as a diagnostic tool for PEM fuel cells degradation. European Fuel Cell Technology & Applications Conference - Piero Lunghi Conference (EFC17), Naples, Italy. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3631156
Weiß, A., Schindler, S., Galbiati, S., Danzer, M.A., and Zeis, R. (2017). Distribution of Relaxation Times Analysis of High-Temperature PEM Fuel Cell Impedance Spectra. Electrochimica Acta 230, 391–398.
Danzer, M.A. (2019). Generalized Distribution of Relaxation Times Analysis for the Characterization of Impedance Spectra.
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