REGULARITIES OF SCIENTIFIC AND TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENT OF GRAIN PRODUCTION IN RUSSIA

This study aims to identify the patterns of scientific and technological development of grain production in Russia. This research is necessary to create a basis for predicting the future of the industry. The authors carried out the study using the methods of statistical and economic and mathematical analysis. The authors chose the grain yield as the leading indicator of the industry's scientific and technological development. They conducted a retrospective analysis from 1929 to 2019. With the help of graphical analysis, they identified five full periods with a constant technological development level. The beginning of the period coincides with a sharp increase in grain yield, not associated with natural and climatic conditions, the end - with its gradual decrease. Each of the periods can be characterized as a production system and described using a production function. The correlation-regression analysis makes it possible to identify the critical factor for each of the periods. For the third and fourth periods, labour was the essential factor; for the fifth, land. The study's scientific novelty lies in identifying the patterns of scientific and technological development of grain production in Russia. It becomes possible to predict future periods and identify critical factors for improving, which is necessary to direct existing resources.