Ultrasonographic evaluation of the fetal central nervous system: review of guidelines

Abstract Central nervous system malformations constitute the second most common group of anomalies in fetuses. Such malformations have assumed clinical importance because of their association with high rates of perinatal morbidity and mortality. Therefore, it is extremely important to assess the fetal central nervous system during the prenatal period, in order to identify any changes in its development and thereby gain sufficient information to advise parents about pregnancy follow-up, options for fetal therapy, and the timing/type of delivery, as well as the postnatal treatment and prognosis. The objective of this review was to describe the ultrasonographic evaluation of the fetal central nervous system as per the guidelines of the International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology.摘要：中枢神经系统畸形是胎儿群体中第二常见的先天畸形类别。此类畸形因与较高的围产期发病率及死亡率密切相关，已具备重要的临床意义。因此，在产前阶段对胎儿中枢神经系统进行评估极为关键，通过识别其发育过程中的异常变化，可获取充足信息，为家长提供妊娠随访方案、胎儿治疗选择、分娩时机与分娩方式的建议，以及产后治疗与预后相关的指导。本综述旨在依据国际妇产科超声学会（International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology）的指南，阐述胎儿中枢神经系统的超声评估方法。