Surface ocean velocities obtained by HF radar from stations located along coastal waters of Hawaii, North Slope Alaska, Puerto Rico/Virgin Islands, eastern US/Gulf of Mexico and western US during November 2016 (NCEI Accession 0157648)

The archival package contains ocean surface radial velocities collected from High frequency (HF) radar stations. NDBC, which with SIO assembles data from the IOOS HF Radar Network, submits these data monthly to NCEI as part of NCEI's Integrated Ocean Observing System Data Assembly Centers (IOOS DACs) Data Stewardship Program. Radial velocity files contain metadata in a key-value format while the measured velocities and associated ancillary data are reported in a tab-delimited format.

Remote sensing of ocean surface velocity from shore-based HF radar sites bridges an operational observational gap between point samples obtained from in-situ sampling and synoptic scale relatively low resolution data obtained from satellites by providing continuous mesoscale coverage at relatively high resolution near the coast. HF radar systems measure the speed of ocean surface currents in directions radial to the antenna in near real time. Radial measurements of ocean velocity may be used directly in some applications such as model assimilation but are commonly used in combination with overlapping sites to estimate the total vector ocean velocity. Radial velocities alone are a measurement of surface ocean velocity projected along the direction radial to the antenna.

Systems operate continuously in all weather conditions and are installed near the coastline. Range resolution of measured currents is determined by the radar transmit bandwidth used. Bandwidth is controlled by radio frequency licenses and translates to range resolutions of 0.5 to 6 kilometers. Maximum ranges of current measurements also depend on radar transmit frequency and vary from about 40 km offshore to about 200 km offshore. Velocities are measured in the upper 0.3 - 2.5 meters of the ocean depending on the operating frequency and vertical velocity shear profile.

本档案数据包收录了由高频（High Frequency, HF）雷达站采集的海洋表面径向速度数据。美国国家数据浮标中心（National Data Buoy Center, NDBC）与斯克里普斯海洋研究所（Scripps Institution of Oceanography, SIO）联合整合了综合海洋观测系统（Integrated Ocean Observing System, IOOS）高频雷达网络的相关数据，并按月将这些数据提交至国家环境信息中心（National Centers for Environmental Information, NCEI），作为NCEI综合海洋观测系统数据集成中心（Integrated Ocean Observing System Data Assembly Centers, IOOS DACs）数据管理计划的组成部分。径向速度文件以键值对格式存储元数据，而实测速度及相关辅助数据则采用制表符分隔的格式进行记录。

岸基高频雷达站点对海洋表面速度的遥感探测，可在近岸区域提供连续的中尺度高分辨率覆盖，填补了原位采样获得的单点观测数据与卫星获取的天气尺度低分辨率数据之间的业务化观测空白。高频雷达系统可近乎实时地测量沿天线径向方向的海洋表层流流速。海洋速度的径向测量数据可直接应用于部分场景，如模式同化，但通常会与重叠覆盖的雷达站点数据结合使用，以估算完整的海洋速度矢量。仅依靠径向速度数据，仅能得到沿天线径向投影的海洋表层速度测量值。

该系统可在所有天气条件下持续运行，且部署于海岸线附近。实测海流的距离分辨率由雷达发射带宽决定，带宽受无线电频率许可政策管控，对应的距离分辨率范围为0.5至6千米。海流测量的最大探测距离同样取决于雷达发射频率，探测范围可覆盖离岸约40千米至200千米的海域。根据工作频率与垂直速度切变剖面的不同，速度测量的探测深度覆盖海洋上层0.3至2.5米的水域。