CETD, a global compound events detection and visualisation toolbox and dataset

Compound events (CEs) are attracting increased attention due to their significant societal and ecological impacts. However, their inherent complexity can pose challenges for climate scientists and practitioners, highlighting the need for a more approachable and intuitive framework for detecting and visualising CEs. Here we introduce a Compound Events Toolbox and Dataset (CETD), which provides the first integrated, interactive and extensible platform for CEs detection and visualisation. Employing observations, reanalysis, and model simulations, CETD can quantify the frequency, duration, severity and start/end date of multiple climatic CE types: multivariate, sequential and concurrent events. It can analyse CEs often linked to severe impacts on human health, wildfires, and air pollution, such as hot-dry, wet-windy, and hot-dry-stagnation. To validate the performance of CETD, we conduct statistics for several historical high-impact events, such as the 2019 Australian wildfires and the 2022 European heatwaves. The accessibility and extensibility of CETD will benefit the broader community through better understanding and preparedness of the risks and challenges of CEs in the warming world.复合事件（Compound Events，以下简称CEs）正受到越来越多的关注，因其对社会与生态均具有显著影响。然而，其固有复杂性给气候科研人员与实务工作者带来了诸多挑战，凸显了开发更易于使用且直观的框架以实现复合事件检测与可视化的必要性。我们在此介绍一款复合事件工具箱与数据集（Compound Events Toolbox and Dataset，以下简称CETD），它为复合事件的检测与可视化提供了首个集成化、交互式且可扩展的平台。该工具箱与数据集依托观测数据、再分析资料及模式模拟结果，可量化多种气候型复合事件的发生频次、持续时长、严重程度以及起止日期，涵盖多变量型、时序型与并发型复合事件。其可分析常与人类健康、野火及空气污染等严重影响相关联的复合事件，例如高温干旱型、多雨大风型以及高温干旱静稳型复合事件。为验证CETD的性能，我们针对多起历史高影响事件开展了统计分析，例如2019年澳大利亚野火事件与2022年欧洲热浪事件。CETD的易用性与可扩展性将惠及更广泛的科研与实务群体，助力人们在全球变暖的背景下更好地理解复合事件带来的风险与挑战，并做好应对准备。