Mine Risk Prevention Plans (PPRM) — Limousin

Law No. 87-565 of 22 July 1987 on the organisation of civil security, the protection of the forest against fire and the prevention of major risks strengthens the control of urbanisation in areas at risk where public safety may be threatened.
The Law of 2 February 1995 on strengthening the protection of the environment specifies the framework for this control by establishing the Natural Risk Prevention Plans (PPRN). Implementing Decree No 95-1089 of 5 October 1995 as amended by the Decree of 4 January 2005 laid down the procedure and content of those documents.
PPRNs are prescribed and approved by the Prefect; they are the subject of consultation with the municipalities and departments interested in the project and a public inquiry. These plans shall include:
— A presentation report indicating the geographical area concerned, the nature of the phenomena taken into account, and their possible consequences having regard to the state of knowledge;
— A regulation which sets out the prohibition measures and requirements applicable in each of the areas where a risk has been identified. These may include urban planning (land cover) or constructive arrangements (e.g. reinforcement of buildings). These measures apply to existing goods and activities, but also to new projects. They may be accompanied by measures to prevent, protect and safeguard the persons and property referred to in Article 40-1 (3) of the Law of 22 July 1987;
— A zoning plan which delimits the areas referred to in Article 40-1 of Article 40-1 of the Law of 22 July 1987.

Law No. 99-245 of 30 March 1999, known as the “after-mine” law on liability for damage resulting from mining and the prevention of mining risks, introduced the Mine Risk Prevention Plans (PPRM). Article 94 of the Mining Code provides that "the State shall draw up and implement plans for the prevention of mining risks (PPRM), under the conditions laid down in Articles L562-1 to L562-7 of the Environmental Code, also relating to Natural Risk Prevention Plans.
Decree No 2000-547 of 16 June 2000 modeled the PPR Mining procedure on that of natural PPRs.
The procedures for the preparation of PPRMs are set out in the circular of 6 January 2012 (repealing the circular of 3 mats 2008).
The approved Risk Prevention Plan (PPRN or PPRM) is a utility easement under Article L 562-4 of the Environmental Code. It must be annexed to the existing urban planning document. Its requirements shall be enforceable against any natural or legal person.
Infringements of the requirements laid down in the PPRM, pursuant to Article L 562-1 II of the Environmental Code, are punishable by the penalties provided for in Article L 480-4 of the Urban Planning Code.
The constraints placed on urban planning by the PPRM must include the fact that, pursuant to Article 75-1 of the Mining Code, the State remains the guarantor of the mining damage that would be caused by the former mining operations, in the absence of a valid mining title or in the event of the disappearance or failure of the operator.

By-law associated with zoning: http://www.limousin.developpement-durable.gouv.fr/IMG/pdf/PPRM_Ahun_reglement.pdf

1987年7月22日第87-565号《关于民事安全组织、森林防火与重大风险预防的法律》，强化了对可能威胁公共安全的风险区域的城市化管控。
1995年2月2日《关于加强环境保护的法律》通过设立自然风险预防计划（Natural Risk Prevention Plans，PPRN），明确了该管控的框架。经2005年1月4日法令修订的1995年10月5日第95-1089号实施法令，规定了此类文件的制定程序与内容。
PPRN由省长制定并批准，需征求相关市镇与部门的意见，并开展公共调查。该计划应包含以下内容：
—— 说明报告：列明涉及的地理区域、考量的灾害性质，以及结合现有认知水平的潜在后果；
—— 规制条款：明确各风险识别区域内的禁止性措施与适用要求，可涵盖城市规划（土地覆盖）或建筑安排（如建筑加固）。此类措施适用于既有财产、活动及新建项目，还可配套1987年7月22日法律第40-1条第3款所规定的预防、保护及保障人员与财产的相关措施；
—— 分区规划图：划定1987年7月22日法律第40-1条所指的区域。

1999年3月30日第99-245号法律（又称“矿后”法律），对矿业损害责任与矿业风险预防作出规定，引入了矿业风险预防计划（Mine Risk Prevention Plans，PPRM）。《矿业法典》第94条规定："国家应依据《环境法典》第L562-1条至第L562-7条规定的条件，制定并实施矿业风险预防计划（PPRM），该计划亦适用于自然风险预防计划。"
2000年6月16日第2000-547号法令，将矿业PPRM的制定程序仿照自然PPRN的程序予以规范。PPRM的编制程序载于2012年1月6日的通告（该通告废止了2008年3月3日的旧通告）。
经批准的风险预防计划（PPRN或PPRM）属于《环境法典》第L 562-4条所指的公用役权，需附于现有城市规划文件之后，其要求对所有自然人与法人均具有强制执行力。
违反PPRM规定的行为，依据《环境法典》第L 562-1条第II款，将按照《城市规划法典》第L 480-4条规定的刑罚予以处罚。
PPRM对城市规划施加的约束需包含以下内容：依据《矿业法典》第75-1条，在无有效矿业权属证明或经营者消失、破产的情况下，国家仍需为前矿业活动造成的矿业损害承担担保责任。

附带分区相关附属法规链接：http://www.limousin.developpement-durable.gouv.fr/IMG/pdf/PPRM_Ahun_reglement.pdf