Phase diagrams of bone remodeling using a 3D stochastic cellular automaton

We propose a 3D stochastic cellular automaton model, governed by evolutionary game
theory, to simulate bone remodeling dynamics. The model includes four voxel states:
Formation, Quiescence, Resorption, and Environment. We simulate the Resorption and
Formation processes on separate time scales to explore the parameter space and derive
a phase diagram that illustrates the sensitivity of these processes to parameter changes.
Combining these results, we simulate a full bone remodeling cycle. Furthermore, we
show the importance of modeling small neighborhoods for studying local bone
microenvironment controls. This model can guide experimental design and, in
combination with other models, it could assist to further explore external impacts on
bone remodeling. Consequently, this model contributes to an improved understanding of
complex dynamics in bone remodeling dynamics and exploring alterations due to
disease or drug treatment.