The Effect of Moringa Oleifera Leaf and Canola Seed Powder on Fattening, Laying Performance, Blood Plasma Constituents, and Microbiota in Japanese Quails

ABSTRACT The aim of the study was to investigate the effect of feeding Japanese quail chicks with diets containing different levels of Moringa oleifera leaf and canola seed powder on growth performance, carcass yield, blood plasma constituents, and egg production. The trial lasted for a total of 7 weeks, with 5 weeks of fattening and two weeks of laying. The first group was the control group, while the second group was supplemented with Moringa oleifera leaves (4g/kg diet), the third group was supplemented with canola seed powder (4g/kg diet), the fourth group was supplemented with a mix of Moringa oleifera leaves and canola seed powder (8g/kg diet). The results showed that canola seed powder from 0-3 weeks of age increased body weight in comparison to the control group, but there were no significant differences (p<0.05) among groups in terms of the final body weight and feed conversion ratio. Average daily feed intake was significantly different (p<0.05). However, body weight, carcass weight, liver weight, gizzard weight, and abdominal fat weight increased significantly compared to the control group. Feeding Moringa oleifera leaves and canola seed powder significantly increased the total plasma protein, as compared to the control group. There were significant decreases in cholesterol, triglycerides and HDL levels among groups, with no significant differences in glucose, ALT and LDL among all treatments. The addition of Moringa oleifera leaf and canola seed powder showed significant effects on calcium and magnesium. Both Moringa oleifera leaf and Moringa-canola mixture significantly reduced the presence of some pathogenic bacteria in the digestive system, which was seen as an important contribution to the digestive and immune systems.

摘要 本研究旨在探究日粮中添加不同水平辣木叶（Moringa oleifera leaf）与油菜籽粉（canola seed powder）对日本鹌鹑雏鸡生长性能、屠宰率、血浆成分及产蛋性能的影响。试验总周期为7周，其中育肥期5周，产蛋期2周。试验共设4组，第一组为对照组；第二组日粮添加辣木叶（4g/kg日粮）；第三组日粮添加油菜籽粉（4g/kg日粮）；第四组日粮添加辣木叶与油菜籽粉的混合添加剂（8g/kg日粮）。结果显示，0~3周龄阶段饲喂油菜籽粉可提升雏鸡体重，但各组最终体重与料重比无显著差异（p<0.05）。各组日均采食量存在显著差异（p<0.05）。不过，试验组雏鸡的体重、屠体重、肝脏重量、肌胃重量与腹部脂肪重量均较对照组显著升高。与对照组相比，日粮添加辣木叶与油菜籽粉可显著提升血浆总蛋白含量。各组胆固醇、甘油三酯与高密度脂蛋白（HDL）水平均显著降低，但葡萄糖、丙氨酸转氨酶（ALT）与低密度脂蛋白（LDL）水平在各处理组间无显著差异。辣木叶与油菜籽粉的添加对血浆钙、镁水平存在显著影响。辣木叶以及辣木-油菜籽混合添加剂均可显著抑制消化系统内部分致病菌的定植，该作用对鹌鹑的消化与免疫系统具有重要积极意义。