Occurrence of physico-chemical and microbiological nonconformities in milk and dairy products in the State of Minas Gerais, from 2011 to 2015

ABSTRACT Milk and dairy products are potential sources for spoilage and pathogenic microorganisms, and although a huge amount of data is collected by the official inspection services, only a few reports are available to the public. This study aimed to evaluate the data for physicochemical and microbiological quality of pasteurized milk and dairy products, collected for inspection at industrial establishments registered at the Instituto Mineiro de Agropecuária (IMA), which is an official inspection service in Minas Gerasi State, Brazil. A total of 192 analyzes were done in 2011, 1008 in 2012, 1368 in 2013, 1271 in 2014, 1582 in 2015, adding up to 5421 samples analyzed by standard analytical techniques in official government laboratories. The statistical analysis was descriptive. A total of 2010 analytical results were nonconform to the legal requirements. Among the results, 78 (4.3%) samples of mozzarella cheese were positive for alkaline phosphatase, and freezing point results for pasteurized milk were outside the legal requirements in 86 (10%) samples. Staphylococcus coagulase positive was above limits in 80 (4.4%) samples of mozzarella cheese. These results indicate a risk to the consumer’s health even in pasteurized products, and the need for effective enforcement of good manufacturing practices in the food industries.

摘要：乳及乳制品是腐败菌与病原微生物的潜在传播载体，尽管官方检验机构已收集海量相关数据，但公开发布的报告却寥寥无几。本研究旨在评估巴西米纳斯吉拉斯州官方检验机构——米纳斯吉拉斯州农业研究院（Instituto Mineiro de Agropecuária，简称IMA）在其注册工业企业抽检中收集的巴氏杀菌乳（pasteurized milk）及乳制品的理化与微生物质量数据。2011年至2015年间，官方政府实验室采用标准分析技术共完成5421份样品的检测：其中2011年192份、2012年1008份、2013年1368份、2014年1271份、2015年1582份。统计分析采用描述性分析方法。总计2010份检测结果不符合法定要求。在不合格结果中，78份马苏里拉奶酪样品（占比4.3%）的碱性磷酸酶检测呈阳性；另有86份巴氏杀菌乳样品（占比10%）的冰点检测结果不符合法定标准。80份马苏里拉奶酪样品（占比4.4%）的凝固酶阳性葡萄球菌检测结果超出限量标准。上述结果表明，即便巴氏杀菌乳制品仍存在消费者健康风险，同时也凸显了在食品工业中有效推行良好生产规范的必要性。