Mapping Global Evidence on IPSAS Adoption in Low- and Middle-Income Countries: A Scoping Review and Evidence Gap Map

A scoping review and EGM were conducted following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews — Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR) guidelines and Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) methodology. A comprehensive electronic search using a Python 3.12 automation script was performed across nine databases (PubMed/MEDLINE, OpenAlex, Semantic Scholar, Cochrane CENTRAL, LILACS, African Index Medicus, African Journals Online [AJOL], World Health Organization International Clinical Trials Registry Platform [WHO ICTRP], CrossRef) covering 2010–2026. A relevance-citation scoring algorithm was applied to 860 relevant records; 120 high-impact studies meeting threshold criteria were selected for full synthesis.