Social, behavioral and biological correlates of cardiorespiratory fitness according to sex, nutritional status and maturity status among adolescents. A cross-sectional study

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: Our aim was to analyze multilevel correlates of cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) according to sex, nutritional status and maturity status among adolescents. DESIGN AND SETTING: Cross-sectional study conducted in public schools. METHODS: This was a cross-sectional study on 1,209 adolescents aged between 10 and 17 years. CRF was estimated from the 20-meter shuttle run test. Anthropometric data on body mass index and waist circumference were obtained. Somatic maturation was assessed from the peak height velocity. Questionnaires were used to evaluate socioeconomic variables (family income, parents’ education level and number of siblings) and behavioral variables (physical activity, screen time and alcohol and tobacco consumption) among the parents and adolescents. RESULTS: Boys, adolescents with normal weight and on-time maturers presented greater CRF (P < 0.05). Concerning socioeconomic correlates, girls (tobacco smoking, alcohol consumption, physical activity and screen time), adolescents with normal weight (alcohol consumption, physical activity and screen time), and on-time maturers (alcohol consumption, physical activity during childhood and habitual physical activity) demonstrated higher numbers of behavioral correlates with CRF. Normal-weight adolescents presented a higher number of biological correlates (chronological age, age at peak height velocity and waist circumference). CONCLUSIONS: Different correlates were observed according to sex, nutritional status and somatic maturation status. However, habitual physical activity, waist circumference and chronological age seemed to be the strongest factors associated with cardiorespiratory fitness among adolescents.

【摘要】
研究背景：本研究旨在分析青少年群体中，不同性别、营养状况与躯体成熟状态下的心肺适能（cardiorespiratory fitness, CRF）多维度关联因素。
研究设计与实施地点：本研究为横断面研究，在公立学校开展。
研究对象与方法：本研究共纳入1209名年龄介于10至17岁的青少年。采用20米往返跑测试估算受试者的心肺适能水平；收集体质指数、腰围等人体测量学数据；通过身高速度峰值评估躯体成熟状态；采用问卷调查收集父母与青少年的社会经济变量（家庭收入、父母受教育程度、兄弟姐妹数量）及行为变量（体力活动、屏幕暴露时长、烟酒摄入情况）。
研究结果：男性、体重正常青少年以及按时成熟者的心肺适能水平更高（P < 0.05）。就社会经济关联因素而言，女性群体（吸烟、饮酒、体力活动与屏幕暴露时长）、体重正常青少年（饮酒、体力活动与屏幕暴露时长）以及按时成熟者（饮酒、儿童时期体力活动与习惯性体力活动）与心肺适能相关的行为关联因素数量更多。体重正常青少年的生物学关联因素（实足年龄、身高速度峰值年龄与腰围）数量更为丰富。
研究结论：不同性别、营养状况与躯体成熟状态下，青少年心肺适能的关联因素存在差异。但习惯性体力活动、腰围与实足年龄似乎是与青少年心肺适能关联最为密切的核心影响因素。