Dataset - Motor System Oligodendroglia Atlas Reveals Activation States Associated with Region-Specific Vulnerability in ALS.

h5ad file with internal gzip compression. This is a repository for the data generated and used for the manuscript "Georgopoulou et. al., Motor System Oligodendroglia Atlas Reveals Activation States Associated with Region-Specific Vulnerability in ALS". These data can be used to reproduce the analysis and figures presented in the manuscript. Oligodendrocytes, the second most abundant cell type in the motor cortex and the most abundant in the spinal cord—are increasingly recognized as active contributors to neurodegenerative diseases, including amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Yet their diversity and disease relevance in the central nervous system remain incompletely defined. Here, we generate a comprehensive single-nucleus transcriptomic atlas of 176 samples, integrating 2 in-house and 16 publicly available datasets. It encompasses more than 1,000,000 cells (350,000 oligodendrocytes and oligodendrocyte precursors) from the human motor cortex and spinal cord in non-neurological controls and ALS patients. Our study provides a systems-level framework to interpret oligodendrocyte and OPC changes in ALS, linking cell state shifts to molecular alterations that can guide biomarker and therapeutic strategies.