RNA-seq analysis of Craniosynostosis via dura-suture FGFR2-RA axis

Using cranial suture development as a model, we identified a key fibroblast growth factor receptor 2 (FGFR2)-retinoic acid (RA) signaling axis that regulates early postnatal coronal suture development through dura mater-suture mesenchyme interactions. Notably, FGFR2 signaling gradually decreases from postnatal day 3.5 (P3.5) to P7.5 with a corresponding decline in RA signaling, balancing RA synthesis by maintaining moderate expression of retinol-binding protein 1 (Rbp1) specific in the dura mater and aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 family member A3 (Aldh1a3) in both the dura mater and suture mesenchyme, preserving GLI1+ progenitors and supporting controlled osteogenic differentiation in the suture mesenchyme.