Rural Community Development Project - Gente de Valor, IFAD Impact Assessment Surveys, 2019 - Brazil

Abstract
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As part of its greater portfolio in Northeast Brazil, IFAD supported the Brazilian government and State of Bahia to implement the Rural Communities Development Project in the Poorest Areas of the State of Bahia (PRODECAR), popularly referred to as Gente de Valor (GDV), between 2007 and 2013 .The purpose of GDV was to address the multitude of basic service gaps, empowerment deficit, and productive capacity needs experienced by residents of Brazil's Northeast region. Beneficiaries were drawn from the local population of sertanejos; a regional population named in reference to the dryland, sertão agro-climatic zone and among the poorest people in Brazil. As a CDD-style project, GDV's objective was to address their needs through a participatory process that would provide access to water-harvesting cisterns (primarily for household consumption), training on ecologically appropriate agricultural practices, technical assistance and technical inputs, as well as community capacitation to identify and address future development needs.

GDV was selected to be part of the IFAD10 Impact Assessment Agenda that consists of a broader set of impact assessments across the world. The aim is to generate evidence and provide lessons for better rural poverty reduction programs and to measure the impact of IFAD-supported programmes on enhancing rural people's economic mobility, increased agricultural productive capacity, improved market participation and increased resilience.

As almost six years having passed since the project closed, the analysis evaluates the sustainable impacts of GDV under the realm of access to infrastructure, agricultural productivity, poverty impacts, and empowerment of both women, youth and the community at large. Given the role that drought plays in affecting the economic opportunities of sertanejos, it is also relevant that this project evaluates outcomes following the recent multi-year drought. From the years 2010 to 2016, Bahia experienced a drought characterized as one of the worst of the century; affecting 33.4 million people and resulting in an estimated damage of approximately 30 billion USD (Marengo et al., 2017).

For more information, please, click on the following link <https://www.ifad.org/en/web/knowledge/-/publication/impact-assessment-gente-de-valor-rural-communities-development-project-in-the-poorest-areas-of-the-state-of-bahia>.

Geographic coverage
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Regional coverage.

Analysis unit
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Households

Kind of data
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Sample survey data [ssd]

Sampling procedure
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The qualitative portion of the evaluation was conducted prior to the quantitative survey in order to collect information on project targeting and implementation in the targeted areas. Two primary methodologies were employed: Focus Group Discussions (FGD) and Key Informant Interviews (KII). Qualitative interviews took place across seven sub-territories and 17 communities. Communities chosen for the qualitative survey were identified based on the following economic activities: cassava, goats, and backyard gardens in combination with high intensity of water-based activities.

The quantitative data collection covered 2,019 households, and 3,615 individuals (counting 1,615 partners interviewed for the WEAI), in 228 communities. Given that the nature of the intervention expected both household and community impacts, the construction of a counterfactual was a multi-stage process stratified at the community, and then household level.

More details on the sampling procedure can be found in the IA plan and reports, attached in the documentations tab.

Mode of data collection
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Computer Assisted Personal Interview [capi]

Research instrument
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The data were collected using a mixed-method approach in order to capture both expected and unexpected impacts of GDV. The data collection took place six years after the closing of GDV, offering time to identify longer-term outcomes that can lead to more realistic interpretations of impact rather than if the project had been assessed immediately after closure. The event of the multi-year drought, in tandem with continuing erratic rainfall and the loss of support from farmer-oriented public programs, further allows for assessment of the ability of the project to make beneficiaries resilient to drought and economic shocks.

The quantitative portion of the evaluation was primarily used for measurement of impact and consisted of two main instruments: a household-level questionnaire and a community-level questionnaire. These instruments covered a range of modules in order to estimate the multi-faceted aspects of welfare. In particular, the household questionnaire focused on agricultural production, agricultural sales, other income sources such as employment or government assistance, and consumption. Additionally, it included modules on assets, shocks, and migration in order to assess any wealth accumulation, exposure to shocks, and coping strategies. Given that the project placed emphasis on increasing women's leadership and decision-making, an abridged version of the Women's Empowerment in Agriculture Index (WEAI), known as the Project WEAI (Pro-WEAI) was fielded to collect data on indicators that comparatively assess agency and empowerment of male and female decision-makers in a household.

The community questionnaire focused on services that are available to the community and relevant institutions such local infrastructure, economic activities, and access to services. The community questionnaire identified levels of community agency and resilience by asking about recent shocks, coping strategies, and collective action to promote local development. Because the project baseline was incomplete, project baseline data was not used, and respondents were asked to recall levels of assets owned at a reference period pre-GDV in both the community and household questionnaires.

Note: some variables have missing labels. Please, refer to the questionnaire for more details.

摘要
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作为其在中北巴西更广泛的组合项目之一，国际农业发展基金组织（IFAD）支持巴西政府和巴伊亚州实施巴伊亚州最贫困地区的农村社区发展项目（PRODECAR），俗称为‘价值之人’（GDV），该项目于2007年至2013年期间实施。GDV的目标是解决巴西东北部地区居民所面临的基本服务缺口、赋权不足和生产力需求。受益者主要来自当地 sertanejos 人口，这是一个以干旱土地、sertão 农业气候区命名的地区人口，也是巴西最贫穷的人群之一。作为一个基于社区发展（CDD）模式的项目，GDV 的目标是通过对参与式过程提供获取雨水收集水缸（主要用于家庭消费）、生态适宜的农业实践培训、技术援助和技术投入，以及社区能力建设以识别和解决未来发展的需求，来满足他们的需求。
GDV 被选入 IFAD10 影响评估议程，该议程包括全球范围内更广泛的影响评估。目的是生成证据，提供有关更好的农村减贫计划的教训，并衡量 IFAD 支持的项目在提高农村人口经济流动性、增加农业生产力、改善市场参与和增强适应能力方面的影响。
自项目关闭以来近六年，此次分析评估了 GDV 在基础设施获取、农业生产力、贫困影响以及妇女、青年及整个社区赋权方面的可持续影响。鉴于干旱对 sertanejos 经济机会的影响，该项目还对近期多年干旱后的结果进行了评估。从2010年到2016年，巴伊亚州经历了本世纪最严重的干旱之一，影响了3340万人，并造成约300亿美元的经济损失（Marengo 等人，2017年）。
有关更多信息，请点击以下链接：[https://www.ifad.org/en/web/knowledge/-/publication/impact-assessment-gente-de-valor-rural-communities-development-project-in-the-poorest-areas-of-the-state-of-bahia]。
地理覆盖范围
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区域覆盖。
分析单位
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家庭。
数据类型
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样本调查数据 [ssd]。
抽样程序
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评估的定性部分在定量调查之前进行，以收集有关项目针对性和实施情况的信息。采用了两种主要方法：焦点小组讨论（FGD）和关键利益相关者访谈（KII）。定性访谈在七个次区域和17个社区进行。选择的社区基于以下经济活动：木薯、山羊和后院花园，以及高强度的水上活动。
定量数据收集涵盖了2,019个家庭，3,615个人（包括1,615位接受妇女赋权农业指数（WEAI）访谈的合作伙伴），分布在228个社区。鉴于干预措施的性质预期将对家庭和社区产生双重影响，构建反事实是一个分阶段的、在社区层面的分层过程，然后在家庭层面进行。有关抽样程序的更多详细信息，请参阅 IA 计划和报告，这些报告附在文档选项卡中。
数据收集方式
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计算机辅助个人访谈 [capi]。
研究工具
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数据收集采用混合方法，以捕捉 GDV 的预期和意外影响。数据收集在 GDV 关闭六年后进行，这为识别可能导致更现实的冲击评估的长期结果提供了时间。多年干旱事件、持续的降雨异常和针对农民的公共项目支持丧失，进一步允许评估项目使受益者能够抵御干旱和经济冲击的能力。
评估的定量部分主要用于衡量影响，包括两个主要工具：家庭层面问卷和社区层面问卷。这些工具涵盖了广泛的模块，以估计福利的多方面方面。特别是，家庭问卷侧重于农业生产、农业销售、其他收入来源（如就业或政府援助）和消费。此外，还包括关于资产、冲击和移民的模块，以评估任何财富积累、暴露于冲击和应对策略。
鉴于项目基线不完整，项目基线数据未使用，受访者在社区和家庭的问卷中均被要求回忆 GDV 之前某一参考时期拥有的资产水平。由于项目对提高妇女领导力和决策能力给予重视，因此进行了妇女赋权农业指数（WEAI）的简略版，即项目 WEAI（Pro-WEAI）的现场调查，以收集比较评估家庭中男性和女性决策者代理性和赋权的数据指标。
社区问卷侧重于社区可获取的服务和相关机构，如当地基础设施、经济活动和服务的获取。社区问卷通过询问最近的冲击、应对策略和促进当地发展的集体行动，确定了社区代理性和适应能力水平。
请注意：一些变量缺少标签。请参阅问卷以获取更多详细信息。