THE IMPACT OF PARASITIC INFESTATIONS ON THE DEVELOPMENT OF ALLERGIC DISEASES AND CHANGES IN IMMUNE REACTIVITY IN CHILDREN

Parasitic infestations remain an important pediatric health problem, particularly in regions where environmental contamination, inadequate sanitation, close contact with animals, and delayed diagnosis facilitate transmission. In children, helminths and protozoa can influence not only the gastrointestinal and nutritional status but also the functional activity of the immune system. The relationship between parasitic infection and allergy is complex: some parasites may promote type 2 immune responses characterized by eosinophilia and increased immunoglobulin E, whereas chronic helminth infections may simultaneously activate regulatory pathways that suppress excessive inflammation. These mechanisms can alter the clinical expression of bronchial asthma, allergic rhinitis, atopic dermatitis, urticaria, and other hypersensitivity disorders. This thesis summarizes current concepts regarding the immunological mechanisms linking parasitic infestations with allergic disease in children, highlights the role of Th2 lymphocytes, eosinophils, mast cells, IgE and regulatory T cells, and emphasizes the importance of accurate parasitological and immunological diagnosis. A comprehensive approach to children with recurrent or atypical allergic manifestations may improve differential diagnosis, reduce unnecessary treatment and support individualized prevention strategies.