Novel Biomarkers for Cardiometabolic Disease: Integrative Approaches Toward Personalised Medicine

This thesis explores new markers found in a simple blood test that may, in the future, help predict the risk of having a heart attack or complications related to obesity, diabetes, or kidney problems that affect the heart and blood vessels. Such a test could support individuals who want to improve their health by identifying risks early, and help doctors decide when a patient may need more intensive or costly treatments. This represents a meaningful step toward truly personalised healthcare.