蓝莓、石榴良种选育及产业化关键技术研究与应用

蓝莓、石榴作为功能型浆果树种，其果实营养丰富、风味独特，逐渐成为我国水果市场新兴的水果代表，众多食品研究机构、企业和果农对浆果栽培、生产均有着浓厚的兴趣和热情。项目针对当前蓝莓、石榴产业发展存在问题，在蓝莓、石榴优新品种选育、高效栽培关键技术、贮藏保鲜和深加工技术研发等方面取得了多项科技成果。 1、开展蓝莓、石榴种质资源收集、保存及评价、鉴定，为其资源的综合高效利用提供理论和科学支撑 收集国内外蓝莓、石榴品种资源376份，其中、蓝莓82份、石榴294份，创建成国内规模最大的蓝莓和石榴种质资源库。对其果实营养特性、生长发育特性进行观测评价，开展了种质资源的抗寒性评价，利用ISSR、RAPD分子标记技术对蓝莓、石榴种质资源进行遗传多样性进行分析，获得DNA图谱，为蓝莓、石榴种质资源的高效利用提供科学技术支撑。 2、创新品种选育方法，选育具有优异性状（早熟或晚熟、籽粒特大等特异性状）的蓝莓、石榴新品种和适合黄河中下游地区栽培的蓝莓、石榴良种，为其产业化发展提供良种支持 构建了蓝莓杂交育种和选种技术方法，选育出新品种7个，石榴具有籽粒特大、丰产优质、抗性强等特点，其中石榴新品种‘秋艳获得国家林木良神审定，‘秋艳、‘桔艳石榴获得山东省林木良种审定 蓝莓品种具有果个大、极早熟和极晚熟特性。在山东、河南和陕西等省进行品种区域试验，选育出适合黄河中下游地区栽培的蓝莓、石榴系列优良品种，包括蓝莓良种l2个，石榴良种6个，其中国家林木良种1个，山东省林木良种8个，比现有栽培品种增产15%以上，极大的丰富了蓝莓、石榴良种资源。 3、研究提出蓝莓土壤改良、良种苗木繁育、病虫害防治等关键技术，有效解决了蓝莓、石榴产业化发展的技术瓶颈，构建和创制了蓝莓、石榴产业化栽培管理技术体系 首次开展蓝莓根际促生细菌研究，研制成蓝莓专用保水生物有机肥料和液体肥料，并利用酸性有机肥和根际促生细菌技术，有效降低蓝莓土壤PH值 在蓝莓土壤调理、授粉方法、用药方式和设备、果蝇筛选装置、蛆虫检测装置和石榴良种苗木繁育、氮肥施用技术等方面取得突破进展，实现了蓝莓、石榴产业化高效栽培。

Blueberry and pomegranate, as functional berry tree species with nutritionally rich fruits and unique flavors, have gradually become representative emerging fruits in China's fruit market, attracting strong interest and enthusiasm from numerous food research institutions, enterprises, and fruit farmers. This project addresses the existing problems in the development of the blueberry and pomegranate industries, and has achieved multiple scientific and technological achievements in aspects including breeding of superior blueberry and pomegranate varieties, key technologies for efficient cultivation, and research and development of storage, preservation and deep processing technologies.

1. Carried out collection, conservation, evaluation and identification of blueberry and pomegranate germplasm resources, providing theoretical and scientific support for comprehensive and efficient utilization of these resources
A total of 376 accessions of blueberry and pomegranate varieties from domestic and international sources were collected, including 82 blueberry accessions and 294 pomegranate accessions, establishing the largest blueberry and pomegranate germplasm repository in China. Observations and evaluations were conducted on the nutritional characteristics and growth and development traits of their fruits, and cold resistance evaluation of the germplasm resources was carried out. Genetic diversity analysis of blueberry and pomegranate germplasm resources was performed using Inter-Simple Sequence Repeat (ISSR) and Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) molecular marker technologies, obtaining DNA profiles to provide scientific and technological support for efficient utilization of blueberry and pomegranate germplasm resources.

2. Innovated variety breeding methods, and bred new blueberry and pomegranate varieties with excellent traits (such as early/late maturing, extra-large arils and other specific traits) as well as elite varieties suitable for cultivation in the middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River, providing elite variety support for their industrialized development
A technical system for blueberry hybridization breeding and selection was established, and 7 new blueberry varieties were bred. For pomegranate, varieties with traits including extra-large arils, high yield, good quality and strong stress resistance were developed. Among them, the pomegranate new variety 'Qiuyan' obtained National Forest Elite Cultivar Approval, and 'Qiuyan' and 'Juyan' pomegranate varieties obtained Shandong Provincial Forest Variety Approval. The bred blueberry varieties feature large fruit size, extremely early and extremely late maturing characteristics. Variety regional trials were conducted in provinces such as Shandong, Henan and Shaanxi, and a series of elite blueberry and pomegranate varieties suitable for cultivation in the middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River were selected, including 12 blueberry elite cultivars and 6 pomegranate elite cultivars. Among them, 1 is a National Forest Elite Cultivar and 8 are Shandong Provincial Forest Elite Cultivars, with a yield increase of over 15% compared with existing cultivated varieties, greatly enriching the elite variety resources of blueberry and pomegranate.

3. Researched and proposed key technologies such as blueberry soil improvement, elite seedling propagation, and pest and disease control, effectively solving the technical bottlenecks restricting the industrialized development of blueberry and pomegranate, and establishing and creating an industrialized cultivation and management technology system for blueberry and pomegranate
The first-ever study on blueberry rhizosphere growth-promoting bacteria was conducted, and special water-retaining bio-organic fertilizer and liquid fertilizer for blueberry were developed. Using acidic organic fertilizer and rhizosphere growth-promoting bacteria technologies, the soil pH value for blueberry cultivation was effectively reduced. Breakthrough progress was achieved in aspects including blueberry soil conditioning, pollination methods, application methods and equipment, Drosophila screening device, maggot detection device, pomegranate elite seedling propagation, and nitrogen fertilizer application technology, realizing efficient industrialized cultivation of blueberry and pomegranate.

搜集汇总

背景与挑战

背景概述

该数据集聚焦于蓝莓和石榴的良种选育及产业化技术研究，收集了376份种质资源并建立资源库，选育出多个国家级和省级审定良种。同时，研发了包括土壤改良、病虫害防治在内的关键技术，构建了完整的产业化栽培技术体系。