Land Inequality Metrics and Data for Chile using Agrarian CENSUS 2021

This article explores the complex relationship between Chile's institutional framework of private property rights and the persistent geographical manifestation of land concentration. By linking the rural property geography with their material expressions, I uncover the contradictions between current private property system and the principles and policies promoted by the Voluntary Guidelines on the Responsible Governance of Tenure (VGGT). Analyzing Chilean Agricultural Censuses from 1965 to 2021, I reveal a striking historical continuity in land concentration, particularly in regions vital for agricultural production. The Gini coefficient and land concentration ratios expose the intensity of this phenomenon across both irrigated and non-irrigated lands.I argue that the challenges posed by climate change may catalyze a reexamination of the legal frameworks governing land ownership in Chile. The VGGT emerge as a mediator, offering new possibilities for land management, use, and coordination. As environmental pressures mount, the repeated application of absolute private property rights appears insufficient. My findings underscore the urgent need for land policies in Chile to engage with this persistent historical geography. The VGGT provide a framework for questioning the sustainability of Chile's current rural development instruments and open the door for alternative approaches.本文探讨智利私有产权制度框架与土地集中现象持续存在的地理表征之间的复杂关联。通过将农村产权地理格局与其物质表现形式相结合，本文揭示了智利现行私有产权制度与《负责任的土地保有制治理自愿准则》（Voluntary Guidelines on the Responsible Governance of Tenure, VGGT）所倡导的原则与政策之间的矛盾。通过分析1965年至2021年智利农业普查数据，本文揭示了土地集中现象显著的历史延续性，尤其在农业生产核心区域这一特征更为突出。基尼系数与土地集中比率均揭示了该现象在灌溉耕地与非灌溉耕地中的严重程度。本文认为，气候变化带来的挑战或可推动智利重新审视其土地所有权相关的法律框架。《负责任的土地保有制治理自愿准则》（VGGT）可充当协调媒介，为土地管理、使用与协同治理提供全新可能。随着环境压力持续加剧，绝对化私有产权的持续应用已显得力不从心。本文研究结果凸显了智利土地政策亟待回应这一持续存在的历史地理格局的迫切性。该准则为审视智利现行农村发展工具的可持续性提供了分析框架，并为探索替代性发展路径打开了大门。