iButton and Tinytag snow/ground interface temperature measurements at Teller 27 and Kougarok 64 from 2022-2023, Seward Peninsula, Alaska

Snow/ground interface temperature measurements were collected at the NGEE Arctic Teller Road Site at mile marker 27 (TL_MM27) and at the Kougarok Road Site at mile marker 64 (KG_MM64) on the Seward Peninsula, Alaska. Data were collected between October 1, 2022 to September 18, 2023 using iButton Link DS1921G-F5# Thermochron miniature temperature sensors (https://www.ibuttonlink.com/products/ds1921g) and Tinytag TGP-4017 internal sensors (https://www.micronmeters.com/product/tgp-4017-internal-sensor-40-to-85-c-40-f-to-185-f) deployed across the Kougarok and Teller sites. These sensors are a cost-efficient way to collect snowpack temperatures at a higher spatial resolution than what is normally achieved. iButton data were collected every 4 hours, while Tinytag data were collected every 30 minutes. In total, data were collected from 196 iButtons and 26 Tinytags. This dataset contains four *.csv files of near-ground surface temperatures at various locations throughout each study site and two *.kml files of sensor locations. Data were collected throughout the snow cover season so that snowpack characteristics could be derived using the temperature data. Sensors were placed both inside and outside of vegetation to better capture the spatial variability of snow properties across each domain.The Next-Generation Ecosystem Experiments: Arctic (NGEE Arctic) was a 15-year research effort (2012-2027) to reduce uncertainty in Earth System Models by developing a predictive understanding of carbon-rich Arctic ecosystems and feedbacks to climate. NGEE Arctic was supported by the Department of Energy’s Office of Biological and Environmental Research.The NGEE Arctic project had two field research sites: 1) located within the Arctic polygonal tundra coastal region on the Barrow Environmental Observatory (BEO) and the North Slope near Utqiagvik (Barrow), Alaska and 2) multiple areas on the discontinuous permafrost region of the Seward Peninsula north of Nome, Alaska.Through observations, experiments, and synthesis with existing datasets, NGEE Arctic provided an enhanced knowledge base for multi-scale modeling and contributed to improved process representation at global pan-Arctic scales within the Department of Energy’s Earth system Model (the Energy Exascale Earth System Model, or E3SM), and specifically within the E3SM Land Model component (ELM).本数据集采集了阿拉斯加苏厄德半岛上Teller公路27英里处（TL_MM27）以及Kougarok公路64英里处（KG_MM64）站点的雪-地面界面温度观测数据。观测数据采集时段为2022年10月1日至2023年9月18日，使用的设备为部署于上述两个站点的iButton Link DS1921G-F5# Thermochron微型温度传感器（https://www.ibuttonlink.com/products/ds1921g）与Tinytag TGP-4017内置式传感器（https://www.micronmeters.com/product/tgp-4017-internal-sensor-40-to-85-c-40-f-to-185-f）。相较于常规观测手段，这类传感器可实现更高空间分辨率的积雪温度采集，且具备成本效益优势。其中iButton传感器每4小时采集一次数据，Tinytag传感器则每30分钟采集一次。本次观测总计部署了196个iButton传感器与26个Tinytag传感器。本数据集包含两类文件：一是各研究站点不同点位的近地面温度数据，共4个*.csv格式文件；二是传感器布设位置信息，共2个*.kml格式文件。数据采集覆盖整个积雪季，以便通过温度数据反演积雪特性。传感器分别布设于植被内部与外部，以更好捕捉各研究区域内积雪属性的空间变异性。下一代北极生态系统实验（Next-Generation Ecosystem Experiments: Arctic, NGEE Arctic）是一项为期15年（2012-2027）的研究计划，旨在通过深化对富碳北极生态系统的预测性认知及其对气候的反馈机制，降低地球系统模型的不确定性。该项目由美国能源部生物与环境研究办公室资助。NGEE Arctic项目共设有两个野外研究站点：1）位于阿拉斯加Utqiagvik（原Barrow）附近北坡的Barrow环境观测站（BEO）北极多边形苔原沿海区域；2）阿拉斯加Nome以北苏厄德半岛不连续永久冻土区域的多个点位。通过现场观测、控制实验与现有数据集综合分析，NGEE Arctic为多尺度建模提供了增强型知识库，并助力美国能源部地球系统模型（能源极限计算地球系统模型，即Energy Exascale Earth System Model, E3SM），尤其是其（E3SM）陆面模型组分（ELM）在泛北极全球尺度上改进过程表征能力。