Effect of kopyor coconut water on early-onset preeclampsia-like impairments in rats induced by L-nitro-arginine methyl ester

Preeclampsia (PE) is a severe pregnancy disorder posing significant health risks to both the mother and the fetus without available preventive measures or treatments. More specifically, the main pathological feature of early-onset PE (EO-PE) is the incomplete transformation of the spiral artery. Meanwhile, aspirin has proven effective for the treatment and prevention of PE. Previous studies indicated a relationship between the phytochemical compound of kopyor coconut water (KCW) and nutritional treatment for PE. Therefore, the objective of this study was to determine the efficacy of KCW as a potential preventive treatment for PE. An experimental laboratory method was used with pre-test and post-test control group designs. The samples comprised 35 pregnant Wistar rats, divided into five groups with seven members each. Rats were then randomized into control and groups exposed to L-NAME, L-NAME and aspirin, L-NAME and KCW 2 ml/200 gBW, as well as L-Name and KCW 2 ml/200 gBW for GD4 to 19. The results showed that after administering L-NAME to induce EO-PE, mean arterial pressure (MAP), proteinuria, placental hypoxia, oxidative stress, and endothelial dysfunction decreased due to KCW nutritional treatment. Specifically, KCW nutrition prevented the uterine spiral artery from expanding and reduced the number of neutrophils. The decreased survival rate caused by L-NAME-induced PE was reversed by providing KCW nutrition. Moreover, results indicated that KCW was a potential alternative for the prevention and treatment of EO-PE even at doses of 2 or 3 ml/200 gBW, offering insights for the community and clinical practitioners in treating PE as a therapeutic option.子痫前期（Preeclampsia, PE）是一种严重的妊娠并发症，目前尚无有效的预防手段或治疗方案，会对孕产妇及胎儿均造成严重健康威胁。具体而言，早发型子痫前期（Early-onset PE, EO-PE）的核心病理特征为螺旋动脉重塑不全。与此同时，阿司匹林已被证实可用于子痫前期的治疗与预防。既往研究显示，椰汁（Kopyor Coconut Water, KCW）中的植物化学成分与子痫前期的营养干预存在关联。因此本研究旨在评估KCW作为子痫前期潜在预防性治疗手段的有效性。本研究采用实验室内研究方法，设置前测-后测对照实验组设计。实验样本为35只孕龄Wistar大鼠，随机分为5组，每组7只。将大鼠随机分为对照组、L-NAME诱导组、L-NAME联合阿司匹林组、L-NAME联合KCW（2ml/200g体重）组以及L-NAME联合KCW（2ml/200g体重）组，给药周期为妊娠第4天至第19天。结果显示，在使用L-NAME诱导构建EO-PE模型后，KCW营养干预可降低大鼠的平均动脉压（Mean Arterial Pressure, MAP）、尿蛋白水平，同时改善胎盘缺氧、氧化应激及内皮功能障碍。具体而言，KCW营养干预可抑制子宫螺旋动脉异常扩张，并减少中性粒细胞数量。L-NAME诱导子痫前期所致的大鼠存活率降低可通过KCW营养干预得到逆转。此外，研究结果证实，即便以2ml/200g体重或3ml/200g体重的剂量给药，KCW均可作为EO-PE预防与治疗的潜在替代方案，可为临床从业者及社区医疗人员将其作为子痫前期治疗选择提供理论依据。